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Chapter 9 The Executive Branch and the Federal Bureaucracy

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 9.4: What is an iron triangle? Back To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Roots of the Federal Bureaucracy LO 9.1: Trace the growth and development of the federal bureaucracy. LO 9.1: Trace the growth and development of the federal bureaucracy. The Civil War and the growth of government – Department of Agriculture (1862) – Pension Office (1866) From spoils system to merit system – The spoils system that began under Andrew Jackson and ended with the assassination of President Garfield has a variety of storylines to follow. This was a time of great corruption within the system that was later tempered with the Weberian bureaucratic model. – Pendleton Act of 1883 – Civil service system To Learning Objectives

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Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Regulating Commerce Interstate Commerce Commission (1887) Independent regulatory commission Theodore Roosevelt – Growth – Department of Commerce and Labor Woodrow Wilson Divided Department of Commerce and Labor Federal Trade Commission LO 9.1 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Events that led to the growth of governmentgrowth of government World War I The Great Depression World War II The Great Society – Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) (1965) – Civil Rights Act (1964) – Housing and Urban Development (1964) – Transportation (1965) LO 9.1 The World Wars and the Growth of Government To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Why did President Wilson divide the Department of Commerce and Labor? A.He knew that creating two separate departments would increase the size of the federal government, thus giving him greater powers. B.He received pressure from Congress. C.Feuds were breaking out among the administrators. D.The organization was getting much too large. E.He realized the agency would not represent the interests of both employers and employees. LO 9.1 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Why did President Wilson divide the Department of Commerce and Labor? A.He knew that creating two separate departments would increase the size of the federal government, thus giving him greater powers. B.He received pressure from Congress. C.Feuds were breaking out among the administrators. D.The organization was getting much too large. E.He realized the agency would not represent the interests of both employers and employees. LO 9.1 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Civil servants – Approximately 2.7 million – One-third are postal workers One-third are postal workers Appointive policy- making positions Independent regulatory commissioners Low-level, non-policy patronage positions Private contractors Modern Bureaucracy LO 9.2: Describe modern bureaucrats, and outline the structure of the modern bureaucracy. LO 9.2: Describe modern bureaucrats, and outline the structure of the modern bureaucracy. To Learning Objectives

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Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Formal Organization Cabinet departments – 15 total Independent executive agencies – NASA, EPA Independent regulatory commissions – National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) – Federal Reserve Board – FCC, SEC, FEC, OSHA Government corporations – FDIC, Tennessee Valley Authority LO 9.2 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Hatch Act of 1939 Hatch Act – Prohibits civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns – federal employees cannot make political contributions, work for a particular party, or campaign for a particular candidate Federal Employees Political Activities Act of 1993 – Liberalizes Hatch Act – federal employees can run for office in nonpartisan elections and contribute money to campaigns in partisan elections Government Workers and Political Involvement LO 9.2 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Table 9.1: What does the Federal Employees Political Activities Act of 1993 stipulate? Back To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which agency provides electricity to millions of Americans at reduced rates? A.Environmental Protection Agency B.National Association of Electricians Agency C.Teamsters Union D.Tennessee Valley Authority E.Securities and Exchange Commission LO 9.2 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which agency provides electricity to millions of Americans at reduced rates? A.Environmental Protection Agency B.National Association of Electricians Agency C.Teamsters Union D.Tennessee Valley Authority E.Securities and Exchange Commission LO 9.2 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Max Weber and model bureaucracies – Chain of command, division of specialized labor, clear authority lines, goal orientation, treatment based upon merit, evaluation according to established rules Iron triangles Issue networks Interagency councils Making policy – Administration discretion – Rule making Rule making – The Federal Register – Administrative adjudication How the Bureaucracy Works LO 9.3: Determine how the bureaucracy makes policy. LO 9.3: Determine how the bureaucracy makes policy. To Learning Objectives

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Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 9.5: How is a regulation made? Back To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman A.Tools of bureaucratic agencies with which they “round up” support for their initiatives B.Tools of Congress used to “round up” support for their initiatives C.The relationship structure among bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees D.Places in the bureaucratic hierarchy that keep employees in lower level positions E.Overwhelmingly unconstitutional bureaucratic tools LO 9.3 What are iron triangles? To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman A.Tools of bureaucratic agencies with which they “round up” support for their initiatives B.Tools of Congress used to “round up” support for their initiatives C.The relationship structure among bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees D.Places in the bureaucratic hierarchy that keep employees in lower level positions E.Overwhelmingly unconstitutional bureaucratic tools LO 9.3 What are iron triangles? To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Executive control – Executive orders Congressional control – Constitutional authority – Funding – Oversight hearings Police patrol Fire alarm Judicial control – Injunctions Toward Reform: Making Agencies Accountable LO 9.4: Evaluate controls designed to make agencies more accountable. LO 9.4: Evaluate controls designed to make agencies more accountable. To Learning Objectives

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Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman What is the difference between police patrol oversight and fire alarm oversight? A.Police patrol oversight is done by Congress, and fire alarm oversight is done by the Judiciary. B.Police patrol oversight is constitutional, and fire alarm oversight is not. C.Police patrol oversight is done by Congress, and fire alarm oversight is done by the president. D.Police patrol oversight responds to crimes, and fire alarm oversight responds to natural disasters. E.Police patrol oversight is proactive, and fire alarm oversight is reactive. LO 9.4 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman What is the difference between police patrol oversight and fire alarm oversight? A.Police patrol oversight is done by Congress, and fire alarm oversight is done by the Judiciary. B.Police patrol oversight is constitutional, and fire alarm oversight is not. C.Police patrol oversight is done by Congress, and fire alarm oversight is done by the president. D.Police patrol oversight responds to crimes, and fire alarm oversight responds to natural disasters. E.Police patrol oversight is proactive, and fire alarm oversight is reactive. LO 9.4 To Learning Objectives

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Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 9.3: What are the federal agency regions, and where are their headquarters located? To Learning Objectives