The Allied Victory How do the Allies defeat the Axis Powers?

D-Day: Invasion of Normandy (European War) General Eisenhower is named Allied Supreme Commander in Europe June : Allies launch an invasion of the beaches in N. France Great Britain One month later, one million more Allied troops arrive – Allies winning 150K allied troops land: 2700 killed on first day (D-Day)

Aug 25: Allied Army liberates Paris. De Gaulle & France are back! Allied army continues to push Germany from the west Dec 1944: last ditch attempt, Hitler decides to counterattack in the west Battle of the Bulge:Germans break weak American line at Ardennes Battle of the Bulge Jan 1945:Allied troops win Battle of Bulge, Mar 45: FDR dies in America D-Day August: German army begins to retreat east Soviet army is pushing from the east Attack catches Allies by surprise – Germans do well early m/watch?v=8a8fqGpH gsk Map Time!

April 1945: 3 million Allied troops cross the Rhine River into Germany Six million Soviet troops are pushing from the east Hitler and his closest associates are in his private bunker After marrying his girlfriend Eva Braun, Hitler & Braun commit suicide Suicide May 7, 1945: Germany unconditionally surrenders to Eisenhower Propaganda minister Goebbels & SS Chief Himmler commit suicide

The Pacific War Allies & Chinese Army (Mao & Chiang) liberate Korea & China – Japan now using Kamikaze pilots to defend remaining territory March 1945: After a month of bitter fighting, the Allies take the island of Iwo Jima (over 18K-Japan, 7K-Allies killed) Iwo Jima Okinawa Next, Allies take island of Okinawa, 350 miles south of Japan Okinawa is one of the bloodiest battles of the war: 100K Japanese & 12K Allied troops killed in a month and a half of fighting Despite the heavy casualties, Japan refuses to surrender. Allies preparing for a full-scale invasion of Japan Map Time!

The Japanese Surrender Advisors warn Truman that invasion of Japan will cost many lives He has alternative: the atomic bomb Manhattan Project—a secret program to develop the atomic bomb Hiroshima bombed August 6, 1945; about 75,000 die Nagasaki bombed August 9, 1945: 70,000 die Japan surrenders September 2, 1945

NEXT Section 5 Europe and Japan in Ruins World War II cost millions of human lives and billions of dollars in damages. It leaves Europe and Japan in ruins.

NEXT Europe and Japan in Ruins A Harvest of Destruction Many cities across Europe badly damaged by war Many people displaced by war and peace agreements Devastation in Europe Misery Continues After the War Lack of food, destruction of roads, factories lead to hardship Many people suffer from hunger, disease after war SECTION 5 Chart

NEXT Postwar Governments and Politics Need for New Leaders Many conquered countries went back to old governments New leaders needed in Germany, Italy, and France Communist parties make gains in Italy, France by promising change Communist interest fades as economies recover SECTION 5 The Nuremberg Trials Nuremberg Trials—trials of 22 Nazi leaders for war crimes Some Nazi leaders are executed for their actions

NEXT Postwar Japan Serious Damage In war, Japan loses two million people; severe damage to many cities SECTION 5 Occupied Japan MacArthur takes charge of U.S. occupation of Japan Starts process of demilitarization—disbanding Japan’s armed forces Also launches democratization—creating democracy in Japan Japanese people adopt new constitution in 1947 MacArthur puts economic reforms in place

NEXT Occupation Brings Deep Changes Changing Japanese Society Emperor kept on, but he loses power and becomes figurehead Japanese people elect two-house legislature Bill of rights guarantees freedoms; women also have right to vote Constitution says Japan cannot attack another country In 1951, peace treaty with Japan signed; U.S. occupation ends U.S. and Japan become allies SECTION 5

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NEXT Section 5 Europe and Japan in Ruins World War II cost millions of human lives and billions of dollars in damages. It leaves Europe and Japan in ruins.

NEXT Europe and Japan in Ruins A Harvest of Destruction Many cities across Europe badly damaged by war Many people displaced by war and peace agreements Devastation in Europe Misery Continues After the War Lack of food, destruction of roads, factories lead to hardship Many people suffer from hunger, disease after war SECTION 5 Chart

NEXT Postwar Governments and Politics Need for New Leaders Many conquered countries went back to old governments New leaders needed in Germany, Italy, and France Communist parties make gains in Italy, France by promising change Communist interest fades as economies recover SECTION 5 The Nuremberg Trials Nuremberg Trials—trials of 22 Nazi leaders for war crimes Some Nazi leaders are executed for their actions

NEXT Postwar Japan Serious Damage In war, Japan loses two million people; severe damage to many cities SECTION 5 Occupied Japan MacArthur takes charge of U.S. occupation of Japan Starts process of demilitarization—disbanding Japan’s armed forces Also launches democratization—creating democracy in Japan Japanese people adopt new constitution in 1947 MacArthur puts economic reforms in place

NEXT Occupation Brings Deep Changes Changing Japanese Society Emperor kept on, but he loses power and becomes figurehead Japanese people elect two-house legislature Bill of rights guarantees freedoms; women also have right to vote Constitution says Japan cannot attack another country In 1951, peace treaty with Japan signed; U.S. occupation ends U.S. and Japan become allies SECTION 5