1. WWII – the End

2. Battle of stalingrad August 23, 1942
Germany suffered huge losses during the winter
Stalin urged the city never to surrender
Another winter set in – and the Soviets launched a successful counterattack
Only 90,000 Germans surrendered/survived out of a 300,000 army
1 million Soviets died and the city of Stalingrad was destroyed

3. Allied victory in europe
June 6, 1944
Under command of general Dwight D. Eisenhower, forces ready to attack on the beaches of Normandy (D-Day)
Greatest land and sea attack in history
Allies had huge casualties but eventually marched into Paris and liberated France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and much of the Netherlands

5. Battle of the bulge Allies advanced towards Germany from the West
Soviets advanced towards Germany from the East
Germany fighting a 2 front war
March 1945 – Allies entered Germany
Hitler married his girlfriend and then they both drank poison. He also shot himself.
May 7, 1945 – Gen. Eisenhower accepts unconditional surrender from Germany
V-E Day – Victory in Europe Day

6. Review Who won the Battle for Stalingrad? Who lead the D Day invasion?
What was the purpose of D Day?
Who won The Battle of the Bulge?
When did Germany surrender?
Who accepted the German surrender?

7. Victory in the pacific
Allies struggling against Japanese kamikaze – suicide pilots
Victory at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
President Truman demands Japan surrender or face a “rain of ruin from the air”
Manhattan Project – the building of the atomic bomb
Heavy decision based on calculation of lives lost if the Allies entered Japan

8. The Atomic bomb August 6, 1945 Japanese city of 365,000
HIROSHIMA
NAGASAKI
August 6, 1945
Japanese city of 365,000
About 73,000 died in attack
Radiation = more deaths
August 9, 1945
City of 200,000
Killed 37,500
Radiation = more deaths

9. Hiroshima: facts Ground temperatures: 7,000 degrees Farehneit
Hurricane force winds: 980 mph
Energy released: 20,000 tons of TNT
Buildings destroyed: 62,000
Killed immediately: 70,000
Dead by end of 1945: 140,000
Total deaths: 210,000

11. Japanese surrender
Official surrender Sept. 2, 1945 aboard the USS Missouri to General Douglas MacArthur in Tokyo Bay
VJ Day

12. Destruction of wWII 40 million Europeans died 2/3 were civilians
Billions of dollars in property damage
London, Warsaw, Berlin all destroyed
Civilians had no homes, food, jobs, cities
Famine set in – Berlin 1945 – 4,000 citizens died a day

14. Review Which 2 cities were atomic bombs dropped on?
Why did Truman decide to use the bombs?
When did Japan surrender?
Who accepted the Japanese surrender?
Did the war end in Europe or Japan first?

15. Reconstruction in germany
February 1945 – U.S., Britain & Soviet Union met in Yalta
Agreed to divide Germany and Berlin into zones of occupation, controlled by Allied forces
The U.S. and Britain wanted to rebuild the German economy to help stabilize Europe
Stalin wanted to keep Germany weak and divided

17. Western Berlin and Western Germany will become democratic due to the aid of W. Europe and the U.S.
The West will also become an economic power in postwar Europe
The East, controlled by Stalin will lag behind and become communist

18. Nuremberg trials Allies put Nazis on trial
Nuremberg, Germany – 22 Nazi leaders were put on trial
Charged with “crimes against humanity”
12 sentenced to death
11 hung and their bodies burned at Dachau – a concentration camp

19. 1. What was the meeting called where they divided up Germany?
2. Who controlled the Western portion of Germany?
3. Who controlled the Eastern portion of Germany?
4. How would you describe Eastern Germany?
5. How would you describe Western Germany?
6. Who was punished during the Nuremberg Trials?

20. The united nations 50 countries
Goal – protect the members against aggression
Based in New York
Each nation could cast their vote on issues
Security council – 5 permanent members
Britain, China, France, U.S. & Soviet Union

22. Universal declaration of human rights
Established and adopted by the United Nations
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was issued in 1948 to protect the dignity and rights of all people
Provide a code of conduct for the treatment of people under the protection of their government

23. 1. Which organization replaced The League of Nations?
2. Why is the UN better than the League of Nations?
3. What is the purpose of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

24. Reconstruction in japan
2 million died
Atomic bomb destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Tokyo, the capital, also destroyed
Allies took away Japan’s colonial possessions
August 15, 1945 – Emperor Hirohito made a radio address urging his people to stop fighting and begin reconstructing Japan
Douglas MacArthur took charge of U.S. occupation in Japan

25. Began process of demilitarization
MacArthur was determined to fairly control Japan but he needed to make sure his men were safe
Began process of demilitarization
Disbanded the Japanese army – eliminated aggressive abilities
Brought war criminals to trial – Hideki Tojo was hung
Created a “safe” Japan
Promised Japan the U.S would keep them safe

27. Macarthur brings democracy & revives economy
The U.S. helped the Japanese create a new constitution that went into effect May 3, 1947
Japan now had a Parliamentary Democracy like Britain
Increased land ownership
U.S. gave Japan 2 billion dollars
Japan slowly began to emerge as a dominant economy in Asia

28. 1. Which person was in charge of the US occupation of Japan?
2. Why did Japan need to be demilitarized?
3. What happened to Hideki Tojo?
4. List 3 changes made to Japan.
5. Compare and contrast Post war Japan and Germany.