1Quiz #9 for 10:30 Choose two of the following false or misleading statements and make the appropriate corrections. Be sure to write the number of the questions you choose. Thyroid hormones are stored in intracellularly in secretory vesicles before they are release from a stimulated follicular endocrine cell. In the form of thyrotoxicosis called Grave’s Disease, excessive secretion of TSH stimulates thyroid follicular cells to release too much of the thyroid hormones into the bloodstream. Basal levels of epinephrine must be present so that cell can be appropriately responsive to thyroid hormone. All hormones released from the pituitary are produced by cell bodies in the hypothalamus. Note: next Monday’s quiz will include material from Frog Reflex Lab

1Quiz #9 for 11:30 Choose two of the following false or misleading statements and make the appropriate corrections. Be sure to write the number of the questions you choose. Thyroid hormones are stored in intracellularly in secretory vesicles before they are release from a stimulated follicular endocrine cell. In the form of thyrotoxicosis called Grave’s Disease, excessive secretion of TSH stimulates thyroid follicular cells to release too much of the thyroid hormones into the bloodstream. Basal levels of epinephrine must be present so that cell can be appropriately respond to thyroid hormone. Goiters are enlarged thyroid glands that occur because of excess stimulation by thyroid hormone. Note: next Monday’s quiz will include material from Frog Reflex Lab.

Another Endocrine Disorder Age 16 33 52

Compare to Pituitary Gigantism Disorder =Acromegaly S 2 Excessive growth of bones and soft tissues of face and hands, and feet. Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone from adenohypophysis or ectopic tumor in adults Treatment? Somatostatin analogs GH receptor blockers Transphenoidal resection/ablation with focal radiation GHRH SS GH Compare to Pituitary Gigantism IGF-1 Acromegaly in Merck Manual

Classification of Endocrine Disorders Hypersecretion Primary Secondary Hyposecretion Hyper-responsive target Hypo-responsive target Try to classify: Endemic Goiter Grave’s Disease Acromegaly Diabetes mellitus Type 1 Diabetes mellitus Type 2

Lab Next Week: Case Studies in Endocrinology Look at the on-line Merck Manual before your lab day. http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/index.html Follow Link to Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

STRESS CRH from Hypothalamus ACTH from Ant. Pit Physical trauma Prolonged exposure to cold Prolonged intense exercise Infection Sleep deprivation Pain Fright Emotional distress Vasopressin Cytokines from immune cells CRH from Hypothalamus ACTH from Ant. Pit Clinical example: treatment of chronic inflammation (e.g. arthritis) can lead to Cushing’s Syndrome! ⇧Cortisol secretion from Adrenal Cortex Mobilize fuel from muscle & adipose tissue Suppress non-essential functions (reproduction & growth) Suppress inflammatory & immune responses Potentiates response to EPI (vascular smooth muscle) Cushing’s Syndrome Excess Cortisol from 1) adrenal cortex tumor (primary) or 2) hypersecretion of ACTH from anterior pituitary (secondary)

S 6 Why are NSAIDs preferable to Glucocorticoids for treating inflammation and arthritis? Consider the HPA axis and the effects of long-term dosing with cortisol on ACTH secretion and the Adrenal Cortex.