2. Is the ANS a division of the CNS or PNS?
2. Is there a sensory division of the ANS?
3. Name this structure
4. What is contained in this structure?
5. During a sympathetic response, what
happens to the following organs?
Pupils
Sweat glands
Blood vessels to muscles
Bronchi
Adrenal medulla

3. Endocrine System overview of endocrine system how it works
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
adrenal gland
thyroid and parathyroid
pancreas

4. Fig. 18.1(TE Art) Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Pineal
Parathyroid glands
Thymus
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Gonads
Ovaries
Testes

5. Fig. 18.3(TE Art) Nervous system Endocrine system Endocrine cells
Hormone in
bloodstream
Endocrine system

6. Fig. 18.1(TE Art) Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Adrenal glands
Pancreas

7. hypothalamus
pituitary gland

9. Pituitary gland Pars tuberalis Hypothalamohypophysial tract Anterior
lobe
Stalk
Posterior
lobe
Anterior pituitary (Adenohypophysis) = pars tuberalis + anterior lobe
Posterior pituitary (Neurohypophysis) = stalk + hypothalamohypophysial tract
+ posterior lobe

10. Fig. 18.4a(TE Art) Oxytocin = uterus & mammary glands…
Paraventricular nucleus
Supraoptic nucleus
Hypothalamohypophysial tract
Anterior lobe
Posterior
lobe
Oxytocin
ADH
Oxytocin = uterus & mammary glands…
Antidiuretic hormone = kidneys

11. Superior hypophyseal artery
Releasing
hormones
Releasing hormones
Travel through stalk to the
Anterior pituitary via portal venules
“go and do something”
hormones
Anterior pituitary

12. Fig. 18.6(TE Art) Hypothalamus TRH GnRH CRH prolactin Growth hormone
Liver
IGF
Mammary
gland
Fat, muscle,
bone
TSH LH
FSH
ACTH
Thyroid
Adrenal
cortex
Testis
Ovary

13. hormone secreting cells capillaries
Anterior pituitary
hormone secreting cells
capillaries
Posterior pituitary
unmyelinated nerve fibers
glial cells (pituicytes)
capillaries

14. Pituitary tumors – headaches, visual disturbances, hormonal issues

15. Adrenal glands

16. Fig. 18.10a(TE Art) Adrenal gland Kidney Adrenal medulla epinephrine
norepinephrine
Adrenal cortex

17. Adrenal medulla Adrenal cortex mineral-corticoids glucocorticoids
sex steroids
Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid): kidney = retain Na, excrete K (water retained, BP)
Cortisol (glucocorticoid): fat & protein breakdown, glucose synthesis, fatty acid & glucose
release into blood, help body adapt to stress, repair damaged tissues
(Cushing’s Syndrome – adrenal cortex – hypersecretion of cortisol)
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA): weak testosterone = libido, 2nd sex characteristics

18. Thyroid Hyoid bone Thyroid cartilage
Follicular cells: T3 & T4 – increase metabolic rate
C cells: calcitonin – inhibits osteoclasts…..

19. Goiter: enlargement of thyroid
soil & water deficient in iodine
enlargement of thyroid gland
Graves disease – toxic goiter
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
innervates larynx
can get damaged during
a thyroidectomy

20. epiglottis Parathyroid glands Esophagus
Detect low
calcium
Parathyroid glands
Secrete PTH
increase Ca absorption
inhibits Ca excretion
stimulates osteoclasts
Esophagus
Posterior view

21. Body of
pancreas
Duodenum
Pancreas = endocrine + exocrine organ

22. Pancreatic islet b cell-- insulin a cell -- glucagon
Insulin: controls glucose transport into cells
Diabetes Type I: low or no B-cells, no insulin
Diabetes Type II: insulin insensitivity (receptor)
hyperglycemia
emaciation
atherosclerosis (fatty deposits)
ketoacidosis (low blood pH) = coma, death
b cell-- insulin
a cell -- glucagon
d cell -- somatostatin

23. Fig. 18.1(TE Art) Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Pineal
Parathyroid glands
Thymus
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Gonads
Ovaries
Testes