The Cell Structures and Functions

The Eukaryotic Cell Protists, Fungi, Plants and Animals are examples of Eukaryotes. Protists, Fungi, Plants and Animals are examples of Eukaryotes. Although they are different, each of them contain many of the same cellular components Although they are different, each of them contain many of the same cellular components

Cellular Organelles Organelle literally means “tiny organs” Organelle literally means “tiny organs” Eukaryotic Cells contain cellular organelles that perform specific functions for the cell Eukaryotic Cells contain cellular organelles that perform specific functions for the cell

The Animal Cell All animals including humans contain animal cells All animals including humans contain animal cells These cells are individually specialized for specific functions These cells are individually specialized for specific functions

Cytoplasm A jelly-like substance that contains or holds of cell’s A jelly-like substance that contains or holds of cell’s organelles organelles

The Nucleus The brain of the cell The brain of the cell Contains all of an organisms genetic information Contains all of an organisms genetic information Controls ALL cellular functions Controls ALL cellular functions

The Nucleus Cont…… Nucleolus- the center of the nucleus contains chromosomes and makes ribosomes Nucleolus- the center of the nucleus contains chromosomes and makes ribosomes Nuclear Envelope- separates nucleus from the cytoplasm Nuclear Envelope- separates nucleus from the cytoplasm

The Mitochondrion Supplies the energy needed by the cell Supplies the energy needed by the cell Also known as the “power house” of the cell Also known as the “power house” of the cell ATP is the cells form of energy ATP is the cells form of energy

Lysosomes Also known as the stomach or trash can of the cell Also known as the stomach or trash can of the cell It contains the cells digestive enzymes It contains the cells digestive enzymes

Ribosomes Ribosomes make proteins which contain genetic information Ribosomes make proteins which contain genetic information The ribosome is made in the nucleolus The ribosome is made in the nucleolus

The Golgi Apparatus Packages proteins for export by the cell Packages proteins for export by the cell Similar to factory workers Similar to factory workers Appear as flattened sacks Appear as flattened sacks

Microtubules Pass information from the nucleus to other parts of the cells Pass information from the nucleus to other parts of the cells Microtubules act as telephone wires Microtubules act as telephone wires

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Makes steroids and regulates calcium levels Makes steroids and regulates calcium levels Breaks down toxic substances Breaks down toxic substances Smooth ER acts like a factory Smooth ER acts like a factory

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves proteins through the cell Moves proteins through the cell Rough ER acts as delivery trucks Rough ER acts as delivery trucks Rough ER are covered in ribosomes Rough ER are covered in ribosomes

Cell Membrane Selectively permeable / semi- permeable Selectively permeable / semi- permeable Lipid bi-layer (2) Lipid bi-layer (2) Controls what enters and leaves the cell Controls what enters and leaves the cell Found in both plant and animal cells Found in both plant and animal cells

The Plant Cell Contains many of the same organelles as the animal cells Contains many of the same organelles as the animal cells Characterized by its square shape, chloroplast, and central vacuole Characterized by its square shape, chloroplast, and central vacuole

The Cell Wall Help plants to keep their shape and offers protection Help plants to keep their shape and offers protection Made of cellulose, a carbohydrate Made of cellulose, a carbohydrate

Chloroplast Uses light energy to make sugars (food for plants) Uses light energy to make sugars (food for plants) The site of photosynthesis The site of photosynthesis Contains chlorophyll which gives plants their green color Contains chlorophyll which gives plants their green color

Vacuole Stores water, nutrients and wastes Stores water, nutrients and wastes The largest organelle found in the plant cell The largest organelle found in the plant cell

The Eukaryotic Cell