Chapter 3.3 M BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE. Fluid Pressure Decreases as Speed Increases Bernoulli’s principle says that as the speed of a moving fluid increases,

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 3.3 M BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE

Fluid Pressure Decreases as Speed Increases Bernoulli’s principle says that as the speed of a moving fluid increases, its pressure decreases. If you have taken a shower and the bottom of the shower curtain moves around your legs this is because of Bernoulli’s principle. The faster the water moves, the less pressure it exerts so that creates a pressure difference between inside the shower and outside. The pressure is greater outside the shower so the shower curtain is pushed toward the water stream.

Science in a Sink If you take a ping pong ball attached to a string and swing it gently into a moving stream of water the ball will be held in the moving water. This again happens because the moving water has lower pressure than the surrounding air. The higher air pressure then pushes the ball into the area of lower pressure. Watch this video:

It’s a Bird! It’s a Plane! It’s Bernoulli’s Principle! How does a plane fly? It is big and heavy how can it get in the air? The key is wing design. Remember Bernoulli’s principle states that faster-moving air above the wing will exert less pressure than the slower-moving air below the wing. The increased pressure below the wing exerts upward force. This produces lift. Lift is an upward force that opposes the downward pull of gravity.

Thrust and Wing Size Determine Lift Thrust is the forward force produced by the plane’s engine. A plane with greater amount of thrust moves faster than a plane with less thrust. The faster the speed means air travels around the wing at a greater speed, which increases lift. A jet has smaller wings but has greater thrust. A glider does not have an engine so there is no thrust. Glider’s must have very large wings to account for no thrust.

Bernoulli’s Principle is for the Birds Birds gain thrust by flapping their wings. The larger the wing the less effort a bird has to have to glide and stay on a current. Smaller birds have to flap their wings more often.

Drag Opposes Motion in Fluids Drag is the force that opposes or restricts motion in a fluid. Strong winds can drag on your clothes and body making it difficult to move forward. Turbulence (you can experience in an airplane) is an irregular or unpredictable flow of fluids and causes drag. Airplanes have flaps to help reduce drag and turbulence because it can change the shape of the wing.

Wings Are Not Always Required Read pg. 77 in your book for this slide.