© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Third Edition Chapter 7 Under the Windows Desktop McGraw-Hill

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Learning Outcomes Define the role of the registry in Windows, and back up and modify the registry when needed Describe the Windows startup process Install and manage device drivers Troubleshoot common Windows problems

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 Understanding the Registry The Registry Defined – Database of configuration settings for Device drivers Services Installed application programs Operating system components User Preferences

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Understanding the Registry Automatic Registry Changes when: – Windows starts up or shuts down – Windows Setup runs – Changes are mode through a Control Panel applet – A new device is installed – Any changes are made to the Windows configuration – Any changes are made to a user’s preferences – An application is installed or modified – Changes are made to application user preferences

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Adding a new device creates changes in the registry

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 Understanding the Registry (cont.) Registry Files (hives) – DEFAULT – NTUSER.DAT – SAM – SECURITY – SOFTWARE – SYSTEM

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Understanding the Registry (cont.) Registry file locations – C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG All but NTUSER.DAT

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Figure 7-1 This view of the CONFIG folder shows registry files

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Understanding the Registry (cont.) Registry File Descriptions – SYSTEM What to load at startup Order of loading at startup Settings for drivers, services, OS components – SOFTWARE Settings for installed software Other configuration information – SECURITY Security policies

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Understanding the Registry (cont.) Registry File Descriptions – SAM Security Accounts Manager Local security accounts database – DEFAULT User profile settings Used when no user is logged on Logon screen

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Understanding the Registry (cont.) Registry File Descriptions – NTUSER.DATA User profile for a single user Application preferences, screen colors, and more After a user logs on, that user’s NTUSER.DAT is loaded Saved in top-level personal folder for the user Hidden file

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Figure 7-2 The default user profile used until a user logs on

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Table 7-1 Locations of the Hives within the Registry

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 Understanding the Registry (cont.) Viewing and Editing the Registry – View and edit the registry with REGEDIT.EXE – Navigation similar to Windows Explorer – Key: a folder containing settings and other keys – Root keys: five keys at the top of the hierarchy – Value entry: settings within a key – Data type: format of a value entry

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 Figure 7-3 The registry root keys

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Figure 7-4 Registry components

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 Table 7-2 Contents of Registry Root Keys

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 Table 7-3 Windows Registry Data Types (The Short List)

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Understanding the Registry (cont.) Backing up the Registry – Create a Restore Point Backs up the registry and the entire OS – Use REDEGIT to back up all or a portion Use Export Registry File option Double-click on the.REG file to restore

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 The Windows Startup Process Phases of the Startup Process – Power-on Self-test – Initial Startup – Boot Loader Windows XP Boot Loader Phase – NTLDR reads BOOT.INI Windows Vista and Windows 7 Boot Loader Phase – BOOTMGR (boot loader) reads BCD – WINLOAD.EXE is OS loader – Detect and Configure Hardware

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 21 The Windows Startup Process Phases of the Startup Process (cont.) – Kernel Loading NTOSKRNL.EXE loads into memory Hardware abstraction layer (HAL) loads System portion of the registry loads Drivers required at startup load Kernel initializes services and drivers and loads other code Kernel switches Windows to GUI mode CSRSS.EXE user-mode code starts PAGEFILE.SYS created and WINLOGON.EXE started

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 22 This Windows 7 screen displays during kernel loading

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 23 The Windows Startup Process Phases of the Startup Process (cont.) – Logon User Logon Program Startup Plug and Play Detection

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 24 Figure 7-5 Log on to Windows 7

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 25 The Windows Startup Process Modifying System Startup – Modifying System Startup for Windows XP BOOT.INI must be modified directly or indirectly System Properties | Advanced | Startup and Recovery

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 26 Figure 7-6 The Advanced System Settings in Windows XP

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 27 The Windows Startup Process BOOT.INI for a Dual-boot System [boot loader] timeout=30 default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS [operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS=”Windows XP Professional”/fastdetect multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINNT=”Windows 2000 Professional”/fastdetect

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 28 The Windows Startup Process Simple BOOT.INI [boot loader] timeout=30 default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS [operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS=”Windows XP Professional”/fastdetect

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 29 The Windows Startup Process Modifying System Startup for Windows Vista and Windows 7 – Boot configuration database (BCD) is a hidden part of the registry C:\BOOT\BCD Contains – Locale information – Location of the boot disk – Location of the Windows files – Other startup information

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 30 The Windows Startup Process Modifying System Startup for Windows Vista and Windows 7 – Directly edit BDC using BCDEDIT – Modify in Startup and Recovery dialog