1. A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC Fifth Edition Chapter 13 Understanding and Installing Windows 2000 and Windows NT

2. 2A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Windows NT/2000/XP Architecture Windows NT Introduced a new file system – NTFS – that is also used by Windows 2000/XP Windows 2000 A true 32-bit, module-oriented OS Includes desktop OS (Windows 2000 Professional) and server OSs (Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2000 Advanced Server, and Windows 2000 Datacenter Server) Windows XP Additional support for multimedia, PnP, and legacy software

3. 3A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Windows NT/2000/XP Modes

4. 4A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition User Mode Processor mode in which programs:  Have only limited access to system information  Can access hardware only through other OS services Contains several subsystems The Windows tools (e.g., Windows Explorer) primarily run on user mode

5. 5A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Programs Interacting with Win32

6. 6A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Kernel Mode Processor mode in which programs have extensive access to system information and hardware Used by two main components  HAL (hardware abstraction layer)  Executive services: interface between the subsystems and HAL

7. 7A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Workgroups Logical groups of computers and users that share resources  Each computer maintains a list of users and their rights on that particular PC Use peer-to-peer networking model

8. 8A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition A Windows Workgroup

9. 9A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Domains Groups of networked computers that share a centralized directory database of user account information and security Use client/server model Have a domain controller which stores and controls the SAM database (user, group, and computer accounts)

10. 10A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition A Windows Domain

11. 11A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Windows NT/2000/XP Logon Default administrator account  Has the privileges to all software and hardware  Can create user accounts and assign them rights

12. 12A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition How Windows NT/2000/XP Manages Hard Drives

13. 13A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition A Choice of File Systems

14. 14A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition FAT Uses three components to manage data on a logical drive  FAT: lists how each cluster is used  Directories: files and directories info + the first cluster no of the file or directory  Data files

15. 15A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition NTFS Uses a database - the master file table (MFT) Each file or directory occupies a row

16. 16A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Master File Table (MFT)

17. 17A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Advantages of NTFS over FAT Recoverable Supports encryption and disk quotas (Windows 2000/XP only) Supports compression, mirroring drives, and large volume drives Provides added security when booting from floppy disks Uses smaller cluster sizes

18. 18A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Advantages of FAT over NTFS Less overhead; best for hard drives < 500 MB Backward-compatibility with Windows 9x and DOS OSs Allows booting from a DOS or Windows 9x startup disk to access the drive

19. 19A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing Hardware If device is PnP:If device is not PnP: Windows automatically: Identifies the device Determines and assigns system resources Configures the device Loads device drivers Informs system of configuration changes Use Add/Remove Hardware applet in Control Panel (administrative privileges required) May need to update device driver

20. 20A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Last Known Good Configuration A copy of hardware configuration from the registry that is saved by the OS each time it boots and the first logon is made with no errors Contained in the registry key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE Reverting to it causes loss of any changes made to hardware configuration since Last Known Good was saved