Mood Disorders By: Angela Pabon

Essential Questions What are the differences between bipolar disorder and depression? How is depression different between sex and age? What are some causes of these mood disorders? What are the different types of treatment for each disorder?

What is a mood disorder? A psychological disorder characterized by the elevation or lowering of a person's mood Also known as “Affective Disorders” It affects a person's everyday emotional state. Nearly one in ten people aged 18 and older have/have had a mood disorder

Mood Disorders Three main types of mood disorders: depressive disorders bipolar disorders other mood disorders (which are substance- induced or due to general medical conditions) Depressive disorder is relatively common Bipolar disorders are much less common *seem to be affected by a variety of cultural, economic, and environmental factors

What are the similarities and differences between bipolar disorder and depression?

Bipolar Disorder & Depression Both include: A depressive state Insomnia Excessive emotion(s) present within the individual Suspect to suicide * However, they are different…

Depression The “common cold” of psychological disorders. Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness and anxiety (pessimism)

Symptoms of Depression Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day Significant weight loss or weight gain/decrease or increase in appetite Insomnia or hypersomnia Psychomotor agitation or retardation Fatigue Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation

Types of Depression Major depression Psychotic depression Severe symptoms Psychotic depression Severe depression + some form psychosis (hallucinations, delusions, etc.) Postpartum depression Women experience overwhelming anxiety/sadness of having the responsibility of dealing with a baby Seasonal affective disorder Depression during the winter season, less of natural sunlight = less happiness/optimism Bipolar disorder…..

Bipolar Disorder Manic-depressive illness Person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (shifts in mood, energy, activity levels) Bipolar disorder often develops in a person's late teens or early adult years (however, some symptoms are experienced during childhood)

What is Mania? Inflated self-esteem Decreased need for sleep ( one feels rested after only 3 hours of sleep) More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing Attention is easily drawn to unimportant or irrelevant items Increase in goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually) Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences * Manic episodes = at least a week if diagnosed w/ bipolar disorder

Types of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar I Disorder Mainly defined by manic or mixed episodes that last at least seven days *The symptoms of mania or depression must be a major change from the person's normal behavior Bipolar II Disorder Expressed by a pattern of depressive episodes shifting back and forth with hypomanic episodes *no full-blown episodes Cyclothymic Disorder or Cyclothymia Mild form of bipolar disorder *episodes of hypomania that shift back and forth with mild depression (2+ years)

How is depression different between sex and age?

Women vs. Men Higher depression rate Very emotion-based Biological, life cycle, hormonal, and psychosocial factors that women experience Very emotion-based Sadness Worthlessness Guilt Lower depression rate More likely experience Fatigue Irritability Insomnia Loss of interest in activities Turn to alcohol and drugs more often Lash out/ become abusive

Adults vs. Adolescents Grief after loss of a loved one Medical conditions Bad relationships or environment Usually gets help and gets past it When developed in childhood, may continue to adulthood Puberty Identity Co-occurs with other disorders : Anxiety Eating disorder Substance abuse

What are some causes of these mood disorders ?

CAUSES DEPRESSION… Combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors Neurotransmitters are out of balance Some types of depression tend to run in families Trauma, loss of a loved one, a difficult relationship, or any stressful situation

CAUSES BIPOLAR DISORDER There is no SINGLE cause to bipolar disorder.. Substance abuse Mania is often trigged even more so because of drugs/alcohol Anxiety disorders PTSD Genetics “building blocks” of heredity 6 times more likely to develop when a parent or sibling has the disorder Brain structure

What are the different types of treatments for each?

Bipolar disorder = Medication Mood stabilizing medications: Lithium, Depakote, Lamictal, Topamax, etc. Atypical antipsychotic medications: Zyprexa, Abilify, Seroquel, Risperdal, etc. Antidepressant medications: Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft, Wellbutrin, etc.

Depression = Medication + Therapy Antidepressants Psychotherapy “Talking it out” ETC (Electroconclusive Therapy)

Works Cited