Extreme Close-up (XCU) – Used for details, or extremely close shots. Close-up (CU) – From about an inch ABOVE the head to the tops of the shoulders. Used for emotion. Used in dialogue. Television is a close-up medium. Medium Close-up (MCU) – Goes from just above the head to about the middle of the chest. Used the same as a close up. Medium Shot (MS) – From just above the head to waist (the navel – not the top of pants). Used to show two characters in dialogue, or used to show actions. Long Shot (LS) – From just above the head to knees. Usually used like a wide shot (WS) Wide Shot (WS) – from just above the head to just below the feet. Used ONLY to establish a scene (at the beginning). Also used when a new character enters or leaves a scene. Extreme wide shot (XWS) – Used ONLY at the beginning of the scene to show setting or climate. Ex – Entire building, a mountain. XCU CU MCU MS LS WS XWS Usually the XWS is even MUCH BIGGER, Like the Restaurant in Seinfeld, or the exterior apartment shot in Friends Classroom activity – After viewing television, scene, storyboard a shot sequence for a television show. You MUST include AT LEAST one example of each shot, it must tell a story, and you must use AT LEAST ten shots CORRECTLY. Make sure to label each shot as WS, MS, etc. DUE next Wednesday!

Pedastal Up Pedastal Down Pedestal - Raising the camera up or down like an elevator Tilt – Turning the camera up or down Tilt Down Tilt Up Pan – Turning the camera left or right Pan Left Pan Right Truck – Moving the camera left or right Dolly – Moving the camera forward or back Dolly in Dolly out Truck left Truck right

Rules of Shooting Video Continuity: Making sure all audio and video are consistent throughout (costume, hair, make-up, situation, props). The illusion that everything ‘flows’ in real time from one shot to the next. Rule of 3rds: Camera operator mentally divides the picture frame into 3rds both horizontally and vertically. The picture elements are then placed along the intersections of the lines, called “centers of interest.” Picture Balance: Subjects are arranged to provide a pleasing picture with SIZE, COLOR or SUBJECT POSITIONING Rule: No shot should be longer than 30 seconds and no scene longer than 3 minutes. Jump Cut: Where image seems to “jump” person/object in video appears, disappears or moves in frame abruptly. 180 Degree Rule: When shooting 2 people in conversation, the camera should not break the 180 degree line (shoulder to shoulder shooting) Match cut or cut-in: While keeping the action going, camera cuts in closer on the action to make 2 shots look like one continuous motion. Cut Away: When cutting from one shot to another to prevent a jump cut. Class Activity #1: Watch this scene from a sitcom and calculate: 1. Total number of shots in scene 2. Longest shot 3. Most repeated shot types (CU, MS, WS) Class Activity #2: On the back of this sheet demonstrate your knowledge of rule of 3rds and picture balance by storyboarding a 5- shot sequence of someone doing something.