The Catholic Reformation C15, S4 pp. 368 - 371

The Counter-Reformation 1530s- Counter-Reformation began Attempted to return the church to an emphasis on spiritual matters Campaign to stop the spread of Protestantism As the Protestants gained ground, reformers finally convinced the pope of the drastic need for change

Counter-Reformation Tactics Pope Paul III (1534-1549) brought the Inquisition to Rome Punished heretics Focused on keeping Catholics within the church Pope Paul IV (1559)- established the Index of Forbidden Books Catholics were banned from reading; books considered harmful to faith & morals

The Council of Trent Summoned by Pope Paul III in 1545 Met to clearly define the official church position on matters of doctrine Doctrine- a particular principle, position, or policy taught or advocated, as of a religion or government: Catholic doctrines End Indulgences Tighten discipline with the clergy Emphasized need for ceremonies God should be worshipped Must depend on priests God granted forgiveness only through the church Every person had free will -Clean up corruption, ignorance and apathy -Catholics did not stand alone, community of the faithful, living and dead, to help them get to salvation. -Established existence of purgatory -Need of both faith and good works to achieve salvation

The Burial of the Count of Orgaz By: El Greco -Showed that the count was not alone when facing god Had other saints and Mary with him on his journey

Jesuits (Society of Jesus) Founded in 1534 by Ignatius de Loyola Established as a church order by pope in 1540 Combined humanists values & Catholic doctrine Jesuit schools became some of best in Europe Believed that salvation could be achieved by doing good deeds Followers took vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience to the pope -Loyola had his legs shattered by a cannonball -had to have them broken and reset twice, read many stories on saints during his recovery, decided to become soldier of Christ -Society of Jesus was established by the pope in 1540 -Established some of the best schools in Europe -Missionaries to the New World

LOOK AT PAGE 369 Read Daily Life- answer question Read the quote- answer Identifying bias question Look at picture- answer Interpreting visual record

The Miracles of St. Ignatius by: Peter Paul Rubens -3 miracles- easing pain of child birth (right), reviving suicide victim long enough for him to take last rites (foreground), casting out demons (left) -Position of Loyola showed importance of the priest as a intermediary between man and god

Results of the Religious Upheaval Did not bring about tolerance many religious wars throughout Europe until mid 1600s Many different churches in Europe A strong interest in Education New universities because of humanist interest in learning Religious reformers supported education Increase in the power of national governments & decrease in pope’s power Government took responsibility for leadership of the official church -New definition of marriage and courtship -Martin Luther got married and had 5 kids- Saw marriage as part of Gods plan for humanity- Calvin also against Catholics view of celibacy -Catholics began using the word “love” in ceremonies -Marriages still arranged

Goals of the Counter-Reformation METHODS USED Revive spirituality Combat heresy Define Catholic doctrine Slow the spread of Protestantism

Goals of the Counter-Reformation METHODS USED Revive spirituality Ended abuses surrounding the sale of indulgences, tightened discipline within clergy Combat heresy Brought the Inquisition to Rome, established Index of Forbidden Books Define Catholic doctrine Supported dependence on priests, salvation through ceremonial actions & individual faith, notion of free will in every person Slow the spread of Protestantism Better-educated priests worked more forcefully for the church, old & new religious orders such as Jesuits spread Catholicism

Long-Term Talk quietly with the person next to you, create a list the long term effects of the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation

Essay Write a 3 paragraph essay comparing the Protestant and Catholic Churches Talk about the actions that each took during the Protest and Counter-Reformations This will be collected and graded so do it on loose leaf