Reproductive system

Male reproductive system. Female reproductive system.

testis testis Genital excurrent ducts Genital excurrent ducts Accessory sex glands Accessory sex glands penis penis

bladder Ductus deferens epididymis testis Tunica vaginalis Corpus cavernosum Corpus spongiosum Seminiferous tubule Straight tubule Rete testis Efferent ductule Ductus epididymis Seminal vesicle prostate Bulbourethral gland

summary tunica albuginea→septum tunica albuginea→septum lobules of testis lobules of testis in each lobule, consist of seminiferous tubules. in each lobule, consist of seminiferous tubules. CT stroma, contains interstitial cells. CT stroma, contains interstitial cells.summary tunica albuginea→septum tunica albuginea→septum lobules of testis lobules of testis in each lobule, consist of seminiferous tubules. in each lobule, consist of seminiferous tubules. CT stroma, contains interstitial cells. CT stroma, contains interstitial cells. 一、 testis

Testis& epididymis

（一） seminiferous tubule seminiferous epithelium Supporting cells/ sertoli cells Supporting cells/ sertoli cells Spermatogenic cells Spermatogenic cells

Seminiferous tubule

spermatogonium Basal lamina Primary spermatocyte Sertoli C spermatid

1.Spermatogenic cells spermatogonium spermatogonium primary spermatocyte primary spermatocyte secondary spermatocyte secondary spermatocyte spermatid spermatid spermatozoa spermatozoa 1.Spermatogenic cells spermatogonium spermatogonium primary spermatocyte primary spermatocyte secondary spermatocyte secondary spermatocyte spermatid spermatid spermatozoa spermatozoa spermatogenesis

location: closely attach to basal lamina of spermatogenic Epi. location: closely attach to basal lamina of spermatogenic Epi. round ， organells poorly- developed round ， organells poorly- developed differentiate into primary spermatocyte differentiate into primary spermatocyte location: closely attach to basal lamina of spermatogenic Epi. location: closely attach to basal lamina of spermatogenic Epi. round ， organells poorly- developed round ， organells poorly- developed differentiate into primary spermatocyte differentiate into primary spermatocyte （ 1 ） spermatogonium

A型A型 B型B型

spermatogonia

（ 2 ） primary spermatocyte attach to the luminal surface of the spermatogonia. attach to the luminal surface of the spermatogonia. large. large. after 1 st meiotic division ， produce 2 secondary spermatocyte 。 after 1 st meiotic division ， produce 2 secondary spermatocyte 。 （ 2 ） primary spermatocyte attach to the luminal surface of the spermatogonia. attach to the luminal surface of the spermatogonia. large. large. after 1 st meiotic division ， produce 2 secondary spermatocyte 。 after 1 st meiotic division ， produce 2 secondary spermatocyte 。

Primary spermatocytes

（ 3 ） secondary spermatocyte Not easy to be seen in section. Not easy to be seen in section. After the second meiotic division ， form 2 spermatids. After the second meiotic division ， form 2 spermatids. （ 3 ） secondary spermatocyte Not easy to be seen in section. Not easy to be seen in section. After the second meiotic division ， form 2 spermatids. After the second meiotic division ， form 2 spermatids.

（ 4 ） spermatid （ 4 ） spermatid adjoining to the lumen. adjoining to the lumen. No division ， undergo extensive cell remodeling, as they differentiate into sperm. No division ， undergo extensive cell remodeling, as they differentiate into sperm. this process is called spermiogenesis 。 this process is called spermiogenesis 。

（ 5 ） sperm Shaped pollywog ， divide into head sperm & tail sperm 。 Shaped pollywog ， divide into head sperm & tail sperm 。 head: nucleus+acrosome 。 head: nucleus+acrosome 。 In acrosome, variant acrosomal enzymes. In acrosome, variant acrosomal enzymes. tail: motile equipment. tail: motile equipment.

sperm

sperm

2. supporting C 2. supporting C Sertoli C. Sertoli C. stained lightly ， nucleulus is obvious 。 stained lightly ， nucleulus is obvious 。 sides with tightly junction. sides with tightly junction. support, nutrient spermatogenic cells. support, nutrient spermatogenic cells.

Supporting C

Blood-seminiferous tubule barrier ： The structure, prevent large molecular substances exchange between the blood and the seminiferous tubule. The structure, prevent large molecular substances exchange between the blood and the seminiferous tubule. costituents ： endothelium & basal lamina of cap. 、 CT 、 basal lamina of spermatogenic epi. And the tight junctions of adjoining supporting C. costituents ： endothelium & basal lamina of cap. 、 CT 、 basal lamina of spermatogenic epi. And the tight junctions of adjoining supporting C. Tight - junction is the essential constituent of blood-seminiferous tubule barrier. Tight - junction is the essential constituent of blood-seminiferous tubule barrier. Blood-seminiferous tubule barrier ： The structure, prevent large molecular substances exchange between the blood and the seminiferous tubule. The structure, prevent large molecular substances exchange between the blood and the seminiferous tubule. costituents ： endothelium & basal lamina of cap. 、 CT 、 basal lamina of spermatogenic epi. And the tight junctions of adjoining supporting C. costituents ： endothelium & basal lamina of cap. 、 CT 、 basal lamina of spermatogenic epi. And the tight junctions of adjoining supporting C. Tight - junction is the essential constituent of blood-seminiferous tubule barrier. Tight - junction is the essential constituent of blood-seminiferous tubule barrier.

（二） interstitial C Leydig C, In group, large, polygonal, highly eosinophilic. Leydig C, In group, large, polygonal, highly eosinophilic. Steroid-secreting C: elaborate sER, Mit. With cristae. Secret testosterone/androgen Steroid-secreting C: elaborate sER, Mit. With cristae. Secret testosterone/androgen

Interstitial C

maintain spermatogenesis & secondary sex characteristics. maintain spermatogenesis & secondary sex characteristics. Be responsible for the development of genital organs in male. Be responsible for the development of genital organs in male. Keep sex capability. Keep sex capability. Functions of leydig C

（三） straight tubule & rete testis Straight tubule: near the mediastinum of the testis,where seminiferous tubule assume a short straight course. Straight tubule: near the mediastinum of the testis,where seminiferous tubule assume a short straight course. Rete testis: the straight tubule empty into the rete testis, an anastomosing channel system within the mediastinum. Rete testis: the straight tubule empty into the rete testis, an anastomosing channel system within the mediastinum. Sperm produced in seminiferous tubule pass by straight tubule & rete testis, leaving testis and arriving in epididymis. Sperm produced in seminiferous tubule pass by straight tubule & rete testis, leaving testis and arriving in epididymis. （三） straight tubule & rete testis Straight tubule: near the mediastinum of the testis,where seminiferous tubule assume a short straight course. Straight tubule: near the mediastinum of the testis,where seminiferous tubule assume a short straight course. Rete testis: the straight tubule empty into the rete testis, an anastomosing channel system within the mediastinum. Rete testis: the straight tubule empty into the rete testis, an anastomosing channel system within the mediastinum. Sperm produced in seminiferous tubule pass by straight tubule & rete testis, leaving testis and arriving in epididymis. Sperm produced in seminiferous tubule pass by straight tubule & rete testis, leaving testis and arriving in epididymis.

Straight tubule seminiferous tubule Rete testis

head 、 body & tail. head 、 body & tail. head: efferent ductules. head: efferent ductules. body & tail: dutus epididymis. body & tail: dutus epididymis. summary 二、 epididymis

1. efferent ductules 1. efferent ductules 8-12 ， continuous with rete testis 8-12 ， continuous with rete testis Epi.=high columnar C+low columnar C Epi.=high columnar C+low columnar C Lumen is irregular Lumen is irregular cilia is present. cilia is present.

efferent ductules

2. dutus epididymis 2. dutus epididymis 4-6m ， highly convoluted 4-6m ， highly convoluted pseudostratified ciliated columnar Epi.=principal C + basal C pseudostratified ciliated columnar Epi.=principal C + basal C lumen is regular ， filled with sperm & secretions lumen is regular ， filled with sperm & secretions the proximal, efferent ductules; the distal, ductus deferens. the proximal, efferent ductules; the distal, ductus deferens.

dutus epididymis

Epi. dutus epididymis

mucosa+muscular wall + adventitia mucosa+muscular wall + adventitia pseudostratified ciliated columnar Epi.=principal C + basal Cinner pseudostratified ciliated columnar Epi.=principal C + basal Cinner muscular wall :longitudinal,middle circular, outer longitudinal SMC muscular wall :longitudinal,middle circular, outer longitudinal SMC 三 ductus deferens

Ductus deferens