Chemistry: The Science of Matter CHAPTER 1

The Puzzle of Matter  Objectives:  Classify matter according to its composition.  Distinguish among elements, compounds, homogenous mixtures, and heterogeneous mixtures.  Relate the properties of matter to structure

A Picture of Matter  Chemistry  The science that investigates and explains the structure and properties of matter  Matter  Anything that takes up space and has mass  Mass  The measure of the amount of matter that an object contains

The Macroscopic level of Matter  Macroscopic  Observations of the composition and behavior of matter  What you can touch, feel, smell, taste, and see

Submicroscopic Level of Matter  Looks at the world of the atom

Using Models in Chemistry  Scientific Models  Thinking de vice that helps you understand and explain macroscopic observations  Classifying Matter  By Composition  Pure substance or Mixture?

Classifying Matter  By Composition  Qualitative  Observation that can be made without measurement  Quantitative  Observation used to measure something  Pure substance or Mixture?  Substance  Matter with the same fixed composition and properties  Mixture  Combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed

The Separation of Mixtures into Substances  Physical Change  Change in matter that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance  Physical Properties  Characteristics of a sample of matter that can be observed or measured without any change in its identity

Types of Mixtures  Homogeneous- the same throughout  Solution  Another name for a homogenous mixture  Alloys  Solid solutions that contain different metals and sometimes nonmetallic substances  Solute  Substance being dissolved  Solvent  Substance that dissolves- often times is water  Aqueous solution  Solution where water is the solvent

Substances: Pure Matter  Elements  Simplest form of matter Compounds  Chemical combination of two or more different elements joined together in a fixed proportion  Formulas of Compounds  Formula  Combination of the chemical symbols that show what elements make up a compound

Properties and Change of Matter  Objectives:  Distinguish between physical and chemical properties  Contrast chemical and physical changes  Apply the law of conservation of matter to chemical changes

Physical Properties  States of matter  Solid  Liquid  Gas  Plasma  Volatile  Change easily to a gas at room temperature  Density  Amount of matter contained in a unit of volume

Chemical Properties and Changes  Chemical Properties  Set of properties that can be observed when there is a change in the composition of substance  Chemical Change  Change of one or more substances into other substances  Chemical reaction  Another name for chemical change  DecomposeExplode  RustOxidize  CorrodeTarnish  FermentBurn  Rot

Atoms and Chemical Change  Law of conservation of mass  Law that says that in a chemical change, matter is neither created nor destroyed

Chemical Change and Energy  Energy  The capacity to do work  Exothermic  Chemical reactions that give off heat energy  Endothermic  Chemical reactions that absorb or require heat energy

Chapter Review  Section Review 1.2 Questions 6-8 Due at end of Class or tomorrow first thing!  Chapter Review Questions  Due Friday