Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Chapter 1 Chemistry: the Science of Matter

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "Chapter 1 Chemistry: the Science of Matter"— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 1 Chemistry: the Science of Matter
Section 1.1 The Puzzle of Matter

2

3 Objectives Classify matter according to its composition
Distinguish among elements, compounds, homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures Relate the properties of matter to structure

4 Review of terms Accuracy – the accuracy of a measurement is how close a result comes to the true value. Precision - refers to the closeness of two or more measurements to each other. Using the example above, if you weigh a given substance five times, and get 3.2 kg each time, then your measurement is very precise.

5 Chemistry Investigates and explains the structure, composition, and behavior of matter (how it is made and organized) It is the WHAT, HOW, and WHY of stuff

6 Composition and Behavior
But what is matter? Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. …and what is mass? Mass is the measure of the amount of matter that an object contains. Question: What is the SI unit for mass?

7 Properties describe the characteristics and behavior of matter
Properties of Matter Properties describe the characteristics and behavior of matter How do I determine the properties of matter? Examine it Manipulate it (burn it, dissolve it, mix it) Take measurements

8 The Macroscopic View of Matter
Macro – prefix – what does it mean? If you can touch, feel, smell, taste or see it, you are viewing matter from a macroscopic perspective

9 The Submicroscopic View of Matter
Submicro – prefix – what do you think it means? Submicroscopic So small that you can’t see it with a powerful microscope! You are “viewing” the world of atoms No one has ever seen a single atom, but there is indirect evidence that supports its existence

10 Models in Chemistry Give an example of how a model is used? A scientific model is a thinking device that helps you: 1) Understand and explain the observed behavior of matter 2) Predict behavior that has yet to be observed Must be supported by experiments

11 Classifying Matter QUALITATIVE: Observation without measurement Ex: Strong girl, blue dress, Tall man QUANITATIVE: Observation with measurements Ex: 100 lbs., 5 dresses, Man is 6 ft. tall

12 Pure substance or a mixture?
PURE SUBSTANCE: Matter that has the same fixed composition and properties (element or compound) MIXTURE: Combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity if each substance is not changed - composition is variable

13 Pure Substances ELEMENTS: Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances (simplest form of matter) There are ~117 elements, 92 occur naturally on Earth COMPOUNDS: Chemical combinations of two or more elements, joined together in fixed proportions with a unique set of properties

14 Mixtures Can be separated through physical processes – name a physical process - i.e. filtration PHYSICAL CHANGE: A change in matter that does not involve a change in the identity of the individual substances Examples: freezing, melting, evaporating, cutting PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: characteristics matter exhibits without any change in its identity Examples: solubility, melting point, density

15 Mixtures 2 Types of mixtures: Heterogeneous: a mixture with different compositions Has clear and distinct regions, called phases. Homogeneous: a mixture that is the same throughout (constant composition) also called a SOLUTION Solutions can have water, gases, solids

16 Ex: Stainless Steel (Fe, Cr, Ni), Brass (Cu and Zn)
Mixtures (cont) ALLOYS: solid solutions that contain metals and sometimes nonmetals. No water! Ex: Stainless Steel (Fe, Cr, Ni), Brass (Cu and Zn)

17 Mixtures (Cont) Aqueous solutions: Contain water. Solute:
The substance that is dissolved. Solvent: The substance that dissolves the solute. Example: In Kool-Aid what is the solute and what is the solvent?

18 Graphic Organizer Draw on board

19 Graphic Organizer

20 Organizing elements Periodic table organizes elements and provides chemical information. Periodic tables in textbook on p , back cover. Chemical symbols are universal shorthand- 1 or 2 letter symbols. Ex: O (oxygen) -corresponds to English name Cu (copper)- corresponds to Latin name (cuprum)

21 Compounds More than 10 million compounds (Common compounds on p. 30)
FORMULA: Combination of chemical symbols that shows which elements and how many make up a compound Ex: H2O (water), C12H22O11 (Sucrose)

22 Group Activity: Pure vs. Compound Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous
Grouping/Sorting Matter Activity Sugar and Sand Salt and Water Sulfur (S) Stainless Steel Milk Spaghetti and meatballs

23 Activity Organize the matter from the list below into 2 categories~ PURE and MIXTURE   Granola Dihydrogen Monoxide Sugar Uranium Sterling Silver Ink Air Natural Gas Diamonds Bronze

24 Activity Now… Separate your PURE matter into elements and compounds.

25 Activity NOW… Separate your MIXED matter into homogeneous and heterogeneous.

26 Stop! Highlight vocabulary or unknown words.
Circle any examples you had written down Write 3 questions. Turn to the person next to you and share your question. Write down their question


Download ppt "Chapter 1 Chemistry: the Science of Matter"

Similar presentations


Ads by Google