Chapter 6 Managing Peace And Security: Deterrence And Diplomacy

Diplomacy DIPLOMACY How is diplomacy practised? What is diplomacy? Why is diplomacy necessary?

What is Diplomacy ?  Diplomacy is the way in which countries manage or conduct relations with one another  Aim - To promote common interests and to resolve conflicting interests in a peaceful manner  Diplomats (Representatives) – represent the interests and goodwill of Singapore

Why is Diplomacy Necessary ?  All countries are interconnected  We rely and cooperate with each other in trade, politics, economics, defence etc  Diplomacy allows us to keep up these good and close relations

Why is Diplomacy Necessary ?  Provides an opportunity for countries to pursue mutual interests  Enables them to cooperate with one another to solve common problems  Helps countries resolve conflicts, differences, and disagreements peacefully  Enable countries to help one another in times of need

How is Diplomacy Practised ? Singapore’s diplomatic relations are conducted mainly through: BILATERALRELATIONSREGIONALRELATIONS INTERNATIONALRELATIONS

Bilateral Relations BILATEALRELATIONS Establishes Diplomatic relations with another country  Diplomats are involved  Treaties are signed by both countries ‘Bi’ – Involves 2 parties ‘Lateral’ - Cross

Bilateral Relations BILATERALRELATIONS Trading relationships with Japan, the USA & Germany Singapore acquired advanced technological skills through these relationships. Singapore’s Red Cross helped countries such as Aceh when the tsunami hit in  Fosters good relations with our neighbours. Singapore benefits! Other countries benefit too!

Bilateral Relations BILATERALRELATIONS Further promote political, Further promote political, economic and cultural ties with economic and cultural ties with countries like Malaysia and China countries like Malaysia and China  Speed up economic & social development China & Singapore 2006 Kazakhstan & Singapore March 30, 1993

Bilateral Relations  Meulaboh 2005  Tsunami 2006  Help Singapore gain world recognition and respect SAF troops worked hand in hand with the Indonesian soldiers to create landing sites on the beach in Meulaboh for relief operations in 2005 When the earthquake and tsunami occurred on Dec 26, the SAF, Singapore Armed Forces mounted its biggest-ever rescue and relief operation, Codenamed Operation Flying Eagle. The missions were in four locations in two countries - Medan, Banda Aceh and Meulaboh in Indonesia and Phuket in Thailand. Singapore Air Force aircraft also flew supply and support missions to Sri Lanka, the Maldives and Mauritius.

SAF troops worked hand in hand with the Indonesian soldiers to create landing sites on the beach in Meulaboh for relief operations in 2005

Regional Relations By forming an association with countries in the same region  The association becomes stronger when the strengths of the member nations are combined  In a better position to deal with other countries/associations

How is Diplomacy Practised ? Can you name the members of Asean?

Why was Asean formed? Border conflict between Vietnam, Laos & Cambodia Philippines & Malaysia fighting over Sabah Internal unrest in Indonesia after change of president Difficulties between Singapore & Malaysia after separation

Therefore… REGIONALRELATIONS Main Aims: 1.Promote economic, social & cultural development of region 2.Protect peace & stability of region 3.Provide opportunities discussion and resolution of differences peacefully

Asean REGIONALRELATIONS The AIMS help to:  Maintain warm and friendly relations  Maintain stability & build trust  Provides a safe avenue to resolve differences through discussion & negotiations

Asean’s Initiatives REGIONALRELATIONS ASEAN Free Trade Agreement:  New economic powers e.g. China and India are also competing for foreign investors  SEA nations need to have economic integration so as to remain economically competitive  AFTA aims to integrate the Asian economies into a single production base, create a regional market and remove all import taxes among SEA countries by 2015  Result: There is drop in taxes

Asean’s Initiatives REGIONALRELATIONS ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)  Aims to maintain peace  By promoting political and security dialogue and cooperation among countries in the Asia-Pacific region  Avenue to discuss security issues and resolve conflicts peacefully  The participating countries are… …

S’pore’s contribution to Asean REGIONALRELATIONS Education and professional exchange:  Not all countries in ASEAN are at the same stage of development  Singapore is more advanced than Laos  Therefore, Singapore provides Laos officials with technical training  Singapore also offers scholarships to students of ASEAN countries

S’pore’s contribution to Asean REGIONALRELATIONS Economic Cooperation & Assistance:  Launching of the Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) project  To help narrow the economic gap between member countries e.g. Cambodia and Vietnam  Singapore offered a five-year aid package of over S$80 million to some ASEAN countries Environmental collaboration? P.185

International Relations Involve ties among many countries and groupings throughout the world  The Security Council  Economic and Social Council  General Assembly  Trusteeship  Council  International Court of Justice  Secretariat INTERNATIONALRELATIONS Anything else you know about the UN?

Singapore and UN REGIONALRELATIONS  After independence, UN sent experts to advise and help Singapore in its economic and social development  Singapore helped in the UN Law of the Sea conference  Do you know why this conference is organised?  Singapore was elected to serve as Security Council member for 2 years  Do you know what is the role of the Security Council?

Singapore and UN REGIONALRELATIONS UN peacekeeping operations:  Peacekeeping is a way to help countries torn by conflict to create conditions for long-tern peace  UN peacekeepers include soldiers, military officers, civilian police officers and civilian personnel, deployed from many countries  Operations involve peacemaking, peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance, military duties, elections, monitor human rights  Singapore contributed approx 1,500 personnel for these missions

Conclusion Why Conflicts Occur ? How Conflicts Are Managed The Singapore Strategy DETERRENCEDIPLOMACY  Deterrence with diplomacy has made Singapore confident of meeting any threats! confident of meeting any threats!