Chapter 10 Table of Contents Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea Bacteria and Viruses Table of Contents Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea Section 2 Bacteria’s Role in the World Section 3 Viruses

Chapter 10 Bellringer What are the two kingdoms of bacteria? Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea Bellringer What are the two kingdoms of bacteria? What are three shapes of bacteria? Write your answers in your science journal.

Chapter 10 Objectives Describe the characteristics of prokaryotes. Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea Objectives Describe the characteristics of prokaryotes. Explain how prokaryotes reproduce. Relate the characteristics of archaea. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Some Characteristics of Bacteria and Archaea Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea Some Characteristics of Bacteria and Archaea The domains Bacteria and Archaea consists of single-celled organisms. These two domains consist of the oldest forms of life on Earth. The Shape of Bacteria Bacilli are rod shaped. Cocci are spherical. Spirilla are long and spiral shaped. Each shape helps bacteria in a different way.

Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea

Some Characteristics of Bacteria and Archaea, continued Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea Some Characteristics of Bacteria and Archaea, continued No Nucleus! All bacteria and archaea are single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus. An organism that does not have a nucleus is called a prokaryote. Prokaryote Reproduction Prokaryotes reproduce by a process called binary fission, in which one single-celled organism splits into two single-celled organisms.

Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea

Comparing Cell Division in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea Comparing Cell Division in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Click below to watch the Visual Concept. You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. Visual Concept

Some Characteristics of Bacteria and Archaea, continued Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea Some Characteristics of Bacteria and Archaea, continued Endospores contain genetic material and proteins and is covered by a thick, protective coat. Some bacteria become inactive and form endospores in poor environmental conditions. When conditions improve, the endospores break open and the bacteria become active again.

Chapter 10 The Domain Bacteria Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea The Domain Bacteria The domain Bacteria has more individuals than all other domains combined do. Classification of Bacteria Bacteria are classified by the way they get food. Most bacteria are consumers. Cyanobacteria are producers. Cyanobacteria usually live in water and contain the green pigment chlorophyll.

Chapter 10 The Domain Archaea Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea The Domain Archaea The three main types of archaea are heat lovers, salt lovers, and methane makers. Harsh Environments Archaea often live where nothing else can. Most archaea prefer environments where there is little or no oxygen.

Chapter 10 Section 2 Bacteria’s Role in the World Bellringer Are harmful bacteria more of a problem or less of a problem to people now than they were 200 years ago? Name some major historical events involving the spread of bacteria. How would your life change if you had to worry about getting clean water each day? Record your answer in your science journal.

Chapter 10 Objectives Explain how life on Earth depends on bacteria. Section 2 Bacteria’s Role in the World Objectives Explain how life on Earth depends on bacteria. List three ways bacteria are useful to people. Describe two ways in which bacteria can be harmful to people.

Good for the Environment Chapter 10 Section 2 Bacteria’s Role in the World Good for the Environment Nitrogen Fixation Nitrogen-fixing bacteria take in nitrogen from the air and change it to a form that plants can use.

Good for the Environment, continued Chapter 10 Section 2 Bacteria’s Role in the World Good for the Environment, continued Recycling Decomposer bacteria break down dead plant and animal matter, which makes nutrients available to other living things. Cleaning Up Using microorganisms, such as bacteria, to change harmful chemicals into harmless ones is called biomediation. Biomediation can be used to clean up hazardous waste and oil spills.

Chapter 10 Good for People Section 2 Bacteria’s Role in the World Good for People Bacteria in Your Food Many common foods, such as cheese, yogurt, and sour cream, are made with the help of bacteria. Making Medicines Medicines used to kill bacteria and other microorganisms are called antibiotics. Many antibiotics are made by bacteria.

Good for People, continued Chapter 10 Section 2 Bacteria’s Role in the World Good for People, continued Insulin In the 1970s, scientists discovered how to put genes into bacteria so that the bacteria would make human insulin. Genetic Engineering changes the genes of bacteria, or any other living thing. Scientists can now engineer bacteria to make many products, such as insecticides, cleansers, and adhesives.

Chapter 10 Harmful Bacteria Section 2 Bacteria’s Role in the World Harmful Bacteria Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that cause disease by getting inside a host organism and taking nutrients from the host’s cells. Diseases in Other Organisms Bacteria cause diseases in other organisms as well as in people. Pathogenic bacteria attack plants, animals, protists, fungi, and even other bacteria.

Chapter 10 Section 3 Viruses Bellringer Are viruses living? What are the characteristics of living things? Can you think of anything that would be difficult to classify as living or nonliving? Write your answer in your science journal.

Chapter 10 Section 3 Viruses Objectives Explain how viruses are similar to and different from living things. List the four major virus shapes. Describe the two kinds of viral reproduction. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 10 It’s a Small World Are Viruses Living? Section 3 Viruses It’s a Small World Viruses are tiny. They are smaller than the smallest bacteria. About 5 billion virus particles could fit in a single drop of blood. Are Viruses Living? Like living things, viruses contain protein and genetic material. But viruses don’t act like living things. They can’t eat, grow, break down food, or use oxygen.

Chapter 10 Classifying Viruses Section 3 Viruses Classifying Viruses Viruses can be grouped by their shape, the type of disease they cause, their life cycle, or the kind of genetic material they contain. Four Main Shapes The four main shapes of viruses are shown on the next slide.

Chapter 10 Section 3 Viruses

A Destructive House Guest Chapter 10 Section 3 Viruses A Destructive House Guest Viruses attack living cells and turn them into virus factories. Viruses reproduce using the lytic cycle. A Time Bomb Some viruses put their genes into a host cell, but new viruses are not made right away. New cells get copies of the virus’s genes when the host cell divides. The genes stay inactive for a long time before they make copies of the virus.

Chapter 10 Section 3 Viruses

Chapter 10 Lytic Cycle Section 3 Viruses Click below to watch the Visual Concept. You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. Visual Concept

A Destructive House Guest, continued Chapter 10 Section 3 Viruses A Destructive House Guest, continued Treating a Virus Antibiotics do not kill viruses, but scientists have recently developed antiviral medications that stop viruses from reproducing. Because many viral diseases do not have cures, it is best to prevent a viral infection from happening in the first place. Vaccinations give your immune system a head start in fighting off viruses.

Chapter 10 Bacteria and Viruses Concept Map Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide. Bacteria Archaea decomposers prokaryotes nucleus consumers producers

Chapter 10 Bacteria and Viruses

Chapter 10 Bacteria and Viruses

End of Chapter 10