2. Viruses & Bacteria A guide to understanding the similarities and differences of viruses and bacteria

3. Two Bacteria Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria

4. Archaebacteria Ancient life form Live in extreme environments More than 300 million years old.

5. Eubacteria Most abundant form of life on Earth. Make foods, cause diseases and decompose matter. Live in warm, pH balanced, low-salt environments. Different cell walls and RNA than Archaebacteria.

6. Viruses Greek word meaning “to poison”. Measured in nanometers (nm). A nanometer is = to 1 billionth of a meter. Viruses have 2 parts: a core of genetic material and a protein coat. A bacteriophage is a type of virus that infects a bacteria.

7. Bacteriophage It is a virus. It attaches to bacteria with it’s tail. It sends it’s genetic material from it’s head to it’s tail. More of the virus reproduces in the host bacteria.

8. Viruses come in many shapes and sizes! Viruses range in size from 10-250 nm. They do not have cells. They are non-living. They contain hereditary material (DNA or RNA). Must have a host cell to survive. Strong protein coat.

9. How viruses multiply Active Virus Steps: 1.Virus attaches to cell 2.Injects genetic material 3.Genetic material takes over cell function 4.New viruses form 5.Viruses burst out of cell. Hidden Virus Steps: 1.Virus attaches to cell 2.Injects genetic material 3.Genetic material of virus becomes part of cell’s genetic material. 4.After some time, virus genetic material removes itself and becomes active. 5.New viruses form 6.Viruses burst out of cell.

10. Bacteria Kingdom: Moneran has been split into the Acheabacteria Kingdom and the Eubacteria Kingdom. Unicellular organisms. Oldest form of life on Earth. First found by van Leeuwenhoek in the 1600’s.

11. Characteristics of Bacteria Prokaryotes, no nucleus Cell wall for protection Cell membrane controls what enters cell. Cytoplasm contains genetic material and other organelles Ribosomes make protein Flagellum used for movement

12. Movement of Bacteria Bacteria move with Flagella. These are tail like structures that help the bacteria to move in liquid.

13. Three shapes of bacteria Spirilla (spigh- RIHL-uh) Spirillum (singular) Cork-screw shaped.

14. Cocci Cocci (KAHK- sigh) Coccus (singular) Spherical shaped

15. Bacilli Bacilli (buh-SIHL- igh) Bacillus (singular) Rod shaped.

16. Obtaining Food and Energy Autotrophs that make food from the sun’s energy Autotrophs that make food from chemicals Hetertrophs that consume other organisms. Respiration: the process of breaking down food to release its energy.

17. Reproduction Bacteria reproduce by Binary Fission. They split in half! Asexual Reproduction Conjugation, genetic material is shared. Sexual reproduction

18. They can double in number every 20 minutes!

19. Endospore A small round thick walled resting cell formed inside bacteria. Protects the genetic material when conditions become unfavorable.

20. What Good Bacteria Does Oxygen production Food production Decomposers Environmental Clean up Health Medicine production

21. How Infectious Diseases Spread Contact with a(n) 1. infected person 2. contaminated object 3. infected animal 4.Environmental sources

22. Treating Infectious Diseases Bacteria Diseases: Antibiotics Viral Diseases Vaccines Hand washing Rest, fluids, good food.