PC Support & Repair Chapter 1 Intro to the Personal Computer

Objectives After completing this chapter, you will meet these objectives: ▫ Explain IT industry certifications. ▫ Describe a computer system. ▫ Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of:  Cases and power supplies.  Internal components.  Ports and cables.  Input devices.  Output devices. ▫ Explain system resources and their purposes.

A+ Certification? What is it? ▫ Describe the cert, tests, jobs, etc.

Computer System What does it consist of?

Case Form factor ▫ Desktop or tower ▫ Other names: chassis, box Protects internal components Case fans keep equipment cool Case grounds equipment

How to Choose a Case Motherboard must fit it Components you need must fit in it Power Supply connection & rating Looks, lights, etc LED status lights Venting ▫ Some have many vents for air flow

Power Supplies Converts AC (wall) to DC (computer) ▫ DC is lower voltage Rated in Watts ▫ watts avg. ▫ Add up components ▫ Get more than you need What does a UPS do?

Power Supplies What’s this?

Component Connectors

Power Supply to Motherboard Current: 20 or 24 pin Older: P8 & P9 ▫ Could plug in wrong & fry MB

Molex Connector CD/DVD & HD 4 pin Only fits one way

Berg Connector Floppy Drive AGP Cards For low power items

Power Supplies What’s this? NEVER OPEN!! CAPACITORS HOLD A CHARGE FOR A LONG TIME!!

Project Power Supply Handout ▫ Identify connectors ▫ Answer questions Find a power supply Handout ▫ Use the calculator

Motherboards Large circuit board ▫ AKA system board or backplane ▫ Buses to pass data Form Factor ▫ Size & shape

AT Form Factor- OLD Old desktops P8 & P9 Too big Power-switched Was also Baby AT

ATX Form Factor- CURRENT Current Smaller ▫ Mini ATX ▫ Micro ATX 20-pin PS connector Layout better No OFF switch

BTX Form Factor- CURRENT 2003 Better airflow 7 expansion slots

Motherboards & Chipsets Controls how hardware interacts with CPU & MB ▫ Sets max amount of memory that can be installed ▫ Defines type of connectors on MB Northbridge ▫ RAM, Video, CPU Southbridge ▫ Hard drives, sound card, USB ports, and other I/O ports

Project Compare/contrast Motherboards

Review What determines how much memory can be installed on a motherboard? ▫ Chipset What does the Northbridge chipset control? ▫ Access to RAM, Video Card, CPU What does the Southbridge chipset control? ▫ HD, USB, Sound Card, I/O ports AT or ATX…Which is a current standard? ▫ ATX

Review Other than ATX, what is another current motherboard form factor? ▫ BTX Which of these would determine by the form factor? SELECT 2 ▫ Color, Size, How much memory it can take, shape How many pin PS connector is on today’s MB? ▫ 20 Older AT MB connectors included what two? ▫ P8 & P9

CPU Intel & AMD Cycles per second ▫ MHz (millions), GHz (billions) Fits certain socket or slot ▫ Pins insert into socket with ZIF ▫ Newer CPU has no pins Many types of sockets ▫ Fit certain CPU, see chartchart Look at slide 1.4.2

CPU Executes instructions While processing data, next set of instructions are store in cache memory Two architectures (how completes instructions) ▫ Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)  Small set of instructions designed to execute rapidly  Old Apple CPUs ▫ Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)  Broad set of instructions in fewer steps per operation  Intel & AMD

CPU Front Side Bus ▫ Amount of data CPU can process ▫ 32 or 64-bit Overclocking ▫ Speeding up CPU ▫ Could damage it Throttling ▫ Slowing down CPU Multi-core ▫ More than one core on a single chip ▫ Triple-core is a quad with one core disabled

Cooling Systems Stay cool ▫ Heat will make it run slower & damage it Case fan Heat sink & fan for CPU Graphics card can have fans for their GPU Water-cooling

ROM On MB Instructions for boot & load OS Non-volatile Can’t modify/erase normally ROM- info stored when made OLD PROM- info stored after made OLD EPROM- info stored after made; erased with UV light EEPROM- can be erased/rewritten on board (flash)

RAM Temp & volatile SRAM used for cache SDRAM DDR3 SDRAM ▫ Faster than DDR2 ▫ Less power & heat

Memory Modules SIMM ▫ 30 or 72 pin DIMM ▫ 168 pin SDRAM ▫ 184 pin DDR ▫ 240 pin DDR2 SODIMM ▫ Laptops ▫ 72 or 144 pin

Memory Types & Speeds

Cache Memory SRAM CPU gets faster access to data L1 ▫ Built into CPU L2 *** ▫ Next to CPU L3 ▫ Next to CPU ▫ Used with high end CPU

Memory Error Checking Non parity *** ▫ Kind used today ▫ No error checking Parity ▫ One bit checks for errors ECC ▫ Server ▫ Can detect multiple bit errors & correct them

Project Research types of RAM CPU cache

Adapter Cards Name & ID different cards PCI 32 or 64 bit AGP 32 bit video PCIe replacing AGP ISA OLD 8 or 16 bit

Motherboard Slots

Floppy Drive Magnetic storage 720KB OLD 1.44MB A:

Hard Drive Magnetic storage ▫ Spinning platters C: GB RPM SSD ▫ No moving parts ▫ Flash ▫ Faster access, low power

Optical Drive CD, DVD, BD CD= 700MB DVD= 4.3GB single layer ▫ 8.5GB dual layer BD= 25GB single layer ▫ 50GB dual layer

Drive Interfaces IDE OLDER 40 pin connector EIDE OLDER 40 pin connector ▫ For drives bigger than 512MB ▫ 40/80 conductors in wire SATA 7 pin connector eSATA EXTERNAL SCSI ▫ Can connect up to 15 drives ▫ 50, 68 or 80 pin connector

RAID Stores data across many hard drives ▫ Backup Parity –Detect data errors Striping –Writes data across multiple drives Mirroring –Storing duplicate data to a second drive RAID 1 mirroring (full redundancy) RAID 5 striping

Project Worksheet Extra Activity Handout

Ports Name ‘em… Serial ▫ 9 pin ▫ Transmits one bit at a time SLOW! USB ▫ 127 devices per port (using hubs) ▫ 1.1= 12Mbps ▫ 2.0= 480Mbps ▫ 3.0= up to 4.8Gbps

Ports Firewire ▫ Supports up to 63 devices per port ▫ IEEE1394a up to 400Mbps, 4 or 6 pin Parallel ▫ DB25, printer side is Centronics 36 pin ▫ IEEE1284 ▫ 8 bits at a time

Ports SCSI ▫ End point in chain must be terminated Network ▫ RJ45 ▫ Fast Ethernet is 100Mbps ▫ Gigabit is 1000Mbps ▫ 328ft or 100m MAX cable length

Ports PS/2 ▫ 6 pin female Audio ▫ In, out, MIC, S/PDIF, TosLink, MIDI Video ▫ VGA, DVI, HDMI, S-Video, Component

Input Devices Data goes into the computer Name some input devices What is a KVM?

Output Devices From the computer to user Name some output devices Let’s look at monitors

Displays CRT LCD DLP Pixel Dot Pitch ▫ Distance between pixels Native Resolution ▫ # of pixels ▫ 1280 x 1024 (h x v)

Display Resolutions

Multiple Monitors on One Computer Need two video ports ▫ Add another card (or two)

System Resources Communication between CPU & other components Interrupt Requests (IRQ) ▫ Assigned automatically today ▫ Requests info from CPU ▫ 16 IRQ’s (0-15) ▫ Each component has its own #

System Resources Input/Output (I/O) Port Addresses ▫ Communicate between devices & software ▫ Over 65,000 ports ▫ Direct Memory Access (DMA) ▫ High-speed devices talk to memory ▫ Avoids bugging the CPU

End of Chapter Review

PC Support & Repair Chapter 1 Intro to the Personal Computer