Animal Kingdom

Symmetry - None No general body plan or axis of symmetry

Symmetry - Radial Body parts repeat around the center of the body Bicycle wheel

Symmetry - Bilateral Only a single plane can divide the body into 2 equal halves

Body Plan Anterior front Posterior rear Dorsal top Ventral bottom

Porifera Examples Symmetry Digestion Other sponges none Filter-feeding Collar cells collect food as water filters through the sponge

Cnidaria Examples: jellyfish, sea anemone Symmetry: radial Digestion: 2-way Other: stinging cells (defense & feeding) diffuse nerve net

Platyhelminthes FLAT WORMS Examples Symmetry Digestion Other tape worm bilateral Digestion 2-way Other Eye spots Concentration of nerves at head

Nematoda ROUND WORMS Examples Symmetry Digestion Other Heart worm, pin worm Symmetry bilateral Digestion 1-way Other

Annelida SEGMENTED WORMS Examples Symmetry Digestion Other Earthworm, leech Symmetry bilateral Digestion 1-way Other Segmentation: made up of a linear series of repetitive body parts

Arthropoda Examples Symmetry Digestion Other centipede, insect, spider, crab, lobster Symmetry bilateral Digestion 1-way Other Segmented Exoskeleton made of chitin

Mollusca Examples Symmetry Digestion Other snail, squid, octopus, clam bilateral Digestion 1-way Other Mantle: creates shell Well developed optics

Echinodermata Examples Symmetry Digestion Other sea star, sand dollar, sea urchin Symmetry Bilateral (larvae) --> radial (adult) Digestion 1-way (some become 2-way) Other endoskeleton

Chordata Examples Symmetry Digestion Other fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, mammal Symmetry bilateral Digestion 1-way Other Endoskeleton Closed circulatory system

Chordata - cont’d 4 shared characteristics: Dorsal nerve cord brain & spine Notochord backbone Gill slits gills or lungs Post-anal tail Exothermic: “cold-blooded” -body temp is regulated by external environment Endothermic: “warm-blooded” -maintain body temp by converting food to heat

Fish Amphibian Reptile Bird Mammal Classes of Chordata Fish Amphibian Reptile Bird Mammal

Agnatha - jawless fish

Chondrichthyes Body temp Heart Respiration Fertilization Other Exothermic Some homeothermic? Heart 2-chambers Respiration Gills Fertilization External or internal Other Skeleton = cartilage Inhibits tumor growth? Some lay eggs, some give live birth Large, oily liver helps with bouyancy

Osteichthyes Body temp Heart Respiration Fertilization Other exothermic Heart 2-chambers Respiration gills Fertilization External (sperm & egg meet outside the body) Other Swim bladder Lateral line system

Amphibian Body temp Heart Respiration Fertilization Other exothermic 3-chambers Respiration gills, skin, lungs Fertilization external Other Adapted to life in & out of water All must return to water for reproduction

Reptiles Body temp Heart Respiration Fertilization Exothermic - 3-chambers (crocs = 4-chambers) Respiration Fertilization Lungs - internal (sperm+egg meet inside the body) Other : internal fertilization Makes return to water unnecessary Provides better protection for sperm Do not need to lay as many eggs

Amniotic Egg Reptiles first to introduce amniotic egg Yolk = food for embryo Allantois = collects waste Chorion = allows gas exchange Shell = protection *Prevents embryo from drying out

Aves (aka Birds) Body temp Heart Respiration Fertilization Other endothermic Heart 4-chambers Respiration lungs (very efficient) Fertilization internal Other Eggs must be incubated Adapted for flight …..

Adaptation for flight Decreased body weight Feathers Hollow bones No teeth Strong muscles Excrete highly concentrated urine with very little water (uric acid) Strong muscles Excree highly concentrated urine with very little water (uric acid)

Mammals Body temp Heart Respiration Fertilization Other endothermic 4-chambers Respiration lungs Fertilization internal Other Hair, fur, or vestiges Mammary glands Largest, developed brains Specialized teeth Increased parental care

Monotremes Reproduce by laying eggs Platypus, echidna

Marsupials Give birth to small, immature young that further develop inside an external pouch Kangaroo, koala

Placenta Young develop inside mother’s body until birth 95% of all mammals are placental

The End