Driving forces Pressure Human travelTrade of commodities State Release the environmentEscape in the environment Contaminant in commodity Stowaway in transport vector Dispersal through manmade corridor Secondary dispersal in the environment Impact Loss of biodiversity Loss of ecosystem services Damage to human health Damage to the economy Response Prevention Eradication, management and restoration Early Warning and Rapid Response Alien species becoming invasive Intentional introduction Risk Assessment DPSIR

Human travelTrade of commodities Release the environmentEscape in the environment Contaminant in commodity Stowaway in transport vector Dispersal through manmade corridor Secondary dispersal in the environment Loss of biodiversity Loss of ecosystem services Damage to human health Damage to the economy Alien species becoming invasive Intentional introduction Damage to animal health (*) Damage to plant health (*) Problem tree

(3) Management of priority pathways (4) Early warning rapid response system Less loss of biodiversity Less loss of ecosystem services Less damage to human health Less damage to the economy (5) Eradication, containment, control, restoration General duty of care + liability (2) Restrictions on release in the wild A. Prevention B. Early warning rapid response C. Eradication etc Less damage to animal health (*) Less damage to plant health (*) (1) Restrictions on trade, import, marketing, transport, holding Cost recovery Public awareness raising (*) damage not covered by plant and animal health regimes, e.g. allergies to livestock or agricultural weed Solution tree

Pathways are managed to prevent introduction and establishment Halting degradation of ecosystem services Halting loss of biodiversity Priority IAS are controlled or eradicated A. Prevention C. Management IAS are identified and prioritized IAS-pathways are identified and prioritized Contribution to biodiversity target Restoring in so far as feasible

Black list: no trade, import, transport or holding Priority pathway management plans New population black list species: rapid eradication Less loss of biodiversity Less loss of ecosystem services Less damage to human health Less damage to the economy Black list: eradication, containment and control General duty of care + liability Black list: no release Other alien sp.: permit (**) A. Prevention B. Early warning rapid response C. Eradication etc Less damage to animal health (*) Less damage to plant health (*) Cost recovery systems Public awareness raising Surveillance Ecosyst. restoration New alien sp.: notification (*) damage not covered by plant and animal health regimes, e.g. allergies to livestock or agricultural weed (**) aquaculture species -> see aquaculture regulation Instruments

Number of AS in the wild due to unintentional pathways Number of succesful EWRR / number of new populations* of (potential) IAS Red list index for impacts of IAS or indicator based on reporting BD/HD Ecosystem services damaged due to IAS Medical costs due to IAS Other economic costs due to IAS Number of established populations of (potential) IAS Number of AS in the wild due to escapes Number of AS in the wild due to intentional releases Effectiveness of prevention Veterinary costs due to IAS Crop losses due to IAS Percentage of IAS costs recovered from « polluters » Public awareness about IAS (eurobarometer) Number of AS in the wild Habitats in no fav. cons. status due to IAS based on reporting HD Bio-pollution index based on reporting WFD Bio-pollution index based on reporting MSFD Cumulative effectiveness of prevention, EWRR and management Cumulative effectiveness of prevention and EWRR Effectiveness of EWRR Indicator exercise

Diseases to terrestrial cultivated plants Diseases terrestrial and aquatic cultivated animals Parasitic plants on terrestrial cultivated plants Diseases to cultivated (*) terrestrial plants Alien animals Alien plants Alien micro- organisms Plants affecting public health Plants affecting animal health Diseases to (*) terrestrial and aquatic domesticated animals Weeds affecting terrestrial wild plants Weeds affecting terrestrial cultivated plants Weeds affecting aquatic cultivated / wild plants Plants with other economic or social damage Intentional release for use in aquaculture + non-target species Wild animals as vectors of diseases to terrestrial and aquatic domesticated animals Diseases to terrestrial and aquatic wild animals Animals grazing on terrestrial cultivated plants Animals grazing and diseases to aquatic cultivated / wild plants Animals harming wild animals Animals grazing and diseases to terrestrial wild plants Animals affecting public health Animals with other economic or social damage Diseases to aquatic cultivated / wild plants Diseases to terrestrial wild plants Diseases to terrestrial and aquatic wild animals Diseases affecting public health Micro-organisms with other economic or social damage (*) cultivated plants and plant products / domesticated animals and animal products Plant health Plant health? Animal health Animal health? Legend Public health Aquaculture regulation