Renal system

Urogenital System Functions  Filtering of blood, Removal of wastes and metabolites  Regulation of – blood volume and composition – blood cell synthesis  Synthesis of Vitamin D  Reproduction and sexual function

URINARY SYSTEM ORGANS KIDNEYS (2) URETERS (2) URINARY BLADDER URETHRA

Urinary System Based on: Mader, S., Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill KIDNEYS (2) URETERS (2) URINARY BLADDER URETHRA

Kidney External Anatomy  It is bean-shaped.  Retroperitoneal  Extend from T12 – L3  The right kidney is lower than the left.  At its hilum; ureters, renal blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter and exit.  At its superior end lies the adrarenal gland. Right kidney Left kidney

26-7 Internal Anatomy of Kidneys  Cortex: Outer area – Renal columns  Medulla: Inner area – Renal pyramids  Calyces – Major: Converge to form pelvis – Minor: Papillae extend  Nephron: Functional unit of kidney.

Ureters  Muscular tubes through which urine flow from kidneys to urinary bladder.  Lie on the posterior abdominal wall,  Descend at tips of transverse process of lumber vertebrae.

Urinary bladder  Muscular organ pyramidal in shape.  Lies in the pelvic cavity.  Ureters are attached to it at the junction of superior wall and posterior wall (base).  Inferiorly it is continuous with the urethra. Urenary bladder urethra

Urethra  Transports urine from bladder to outside of body  The female urethra is about 4 cm. long, placed behind the symphysis pubis.  Opens in the vestibule anterior to vaginal orifice.  The male urethra varies from 17.5 to 20 cm., it is divided into three portions, the prostatic, membranous, and penile.  It transmits urine and semen urethra