EX: If a teacher had absolute power over a class, she might be able to decide what students can wear to class, eat for lunch, what they will learn, and who students can be friends with! (I like it !!!!!)

 The fortunes and successes of Egypt and it’s kingdoms depended on the strength of it’s pharaohs.  What does this mean?

3000 B.C B.C B.C B.C B.C B.C.1200 B.C B.C. EGYPT UNIFIED 2686 – 2125 B.C. OLD KINGDOM (DYNASTIES 3-8) 2055 – 1650 B.C. MIDDLE KINGDOM (DYNASTIES 11-13) 1550 – 1069 B.C. NEW KINGDOM (DYNASTIES 18-20) OLD KINGDOM 2589 B.C. Great Pyramid 2533 B.C. Great Sphinx MIDDLE KINGDOM 1191 – 1786 B.C. Egypt expands into Lower Nubia Literature & art develop NEW KINGDOM 1503 – 1482 B.C. Queen Hatshepsut Rules B.C. Reign of Thutmose III Empire expands into Syria

What does UNIFICATION mean? Look at a map of Egypt and think about how / what might be unified.

 King Narmer (Menes in Greek) United lower & upper Egypt. Wore a red & white crown signifying unification of Upper & Lower Egypt.  Narmer (Menes) becomes 1 st pharaoh; establishes 1 st dynasty  Built city of Memphis; (present day Cairo) which was border between Upper & Lower Egypt. Narmer plates were carved to show a ruler wearing two crowns

NARMER Palettes

PHARAOHS “He is the God RE whose beams enable us to see He gives more light to the Two Lands then the sun’ s disc He makes Earth more green than the Nile in flood. He has filled the Two Lands with strength and life.” - an official of ancient Egypt

 Had ultimate power  Had direct contact with the Gods (god-kings) Their word was law  If Pharaohs were made happy then the Gods would be too.  Controlled floods and harvests  Re (sun god) most important

The 3 KINGDOMS

AGE OF PYRAMIDS GOLDEN AGEIMPERIAL AGE

Built the Great Sphinx (irrigation) Large building projects Dynasties grew weak Teamwork Art & sculpture Capital: Memphis Capital: Thebes Expanded territories Capital: Thebes Great power & prosperity

 This was the period in which the pyramids were built.  The strongest pharaoh of the Old Kingdom was King Khufu. His pyramid is the Great Pyramid at Giza. The Great Pyramid remained the tallest structure in the world until the Eiffel Tower was built in  The second largest pyramid at Giza was built by Khufu’s son, It is believed his face is the face of the Sphinx.  GREAt PYRAMID 1 GREAt PYRAMID 1

PYRAMIDS PART 1 PYRAMIDS PART 2 Egypt/zX5d7c7a5f53007b6c6c430a.htmwww.neok12.com/video/Ancient- Egypt/zX5d7c7a5f53007b6c6c430a.htm Egypt/zX604e7b7f756d b.htm

 Old Kingdom kept peace traded with Nubia; some occasional conflict  Sent merchants to the eastern coast of the Mediterranean to find timber, or trees used for building houses, boats and furniture.  Merchants also traveled north to find new items to trade.

Solar boats played an important role in story of the afterlife in ancient Egyptian mythology. Each night the sun god Ra—in the form of the evening sun, Ra-Atum—was thought to sail through the afterlife in one boat to battle gods and beasts until he rose as the morning sun, Ra- Horakhty, and sailed his day boat across the sky.

the pharaoh had been viewed as an inaccessible god-king,

 Early rulers of the Middle Kingdom restored order and reunited Egypt.  Projects helped Egypt gain wealth  Pharaohs were viewed as “shepherds of the his people” meaning he was responsible for betterment of the society; public works Instead of spending the nation’s wealth on war.  EXAMPLES: constructed buildings  irrigation projects

Instead of building pyramids as Egyptians did in the Old Kingdom, when pharaohs died they were placed and buried in hidden tombs. Their tombs were buried all over Egypt making it difficult for intruders to find and steal. They constructed the “Valley of the Kings”

VIDEO: VALLEY OF THE KINGS

 The New Kingdom was known for the building of its army, creation of armor and weaponry, and great wealth.

 The period ended with the invasion of the Hyksos. The Hyksos had superior weapons and military might. They ruled Egypt for about 100 years.  The Hyksos controlled Lower Egypt, extending their power to as far south as Memphis The pharaohs of Upper Egypt never accepted Hyksos rule. They strove to unite the Two Lands again. They adopted Hyksos weaponry and military tactics and eventually waged open war on the Hyksos,

 The Middle Kingdom was know fro it’s construction projects and irrigation projects and the invasions by outside forces that took them over.

 This period began when the Hyksos were driven out of Egypt.  The Egyptians adopted the fighting style of the Hyksos, including the use of chariots and bronze weaponry.

 Period began when the king drove the Hyksos out of Egypt,  Egyptians adopted the fighting style of the Hyksos, including the use of chariots and bronze weaponry: Built strong armies  Egypt gained mass territories.  Traded with many surrounding places  Had many pharaohs: Thutmose I  Thutmose III  Queen Hatshepsut,  Amenhotep (a.k.a. Akhenaton),  Ramses the Great.

 1504 B.C. Thutmose III begin as Pharaoh  Because he was so young his mother Hatshepsut acted as his regent (ruled for him)  Instead, Hatshepsut declared herself the Pharaoh.  When Thutmose grew up Hatshepsut refused to let him rule….she ruled until her death THEN Thutmose III took over!  As Ruler, he was a great conqueror, treated defeated with mercy. He was educated and loved to study plants.

 Ruled Egypt for about 15 years.  She disguised herself as a man.  Most know for: creating peace time economic success encouraged trade hepsut.asf hepsut.asf

IT’S ALL DOWN THE DRAIN NOW ! The fall of Egyptian power: Egypt had about 10 more dynasties that ruled after the end of the New Kingdom, but much of it was under foreign control (other countries) Egyptian control of Egypt by Egyptian pharaohs ended in 525 B.C., when the Persians conquered it: Alexander the Great would rule for a short while.

IT’S ALL DOWN THE DRAIN NOW ! The fall of Egyptian power: After Alexander, Cleopatra became ruler until Egypt was conquered by Rome. Afraid that the Romans would humiliate her, she committed suicide!