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Lesson 2 Life in Egypt CHAPTER 3
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Egypt was split into two parts, Upper and Lower Egypt. Each had it ’ s own king. See crown diagram below. UNIFYING EGYPT
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There are few records of how Egypt was unified. King Menes Kings Scorpion, or Narmer UNIFYING EGYPT CONT.
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Much about Egyptian kings is unknown until about the third dynasty when a priest and advisor began keeping records. Manetho, the priest, divided the kings into different dynasties. Old Kingdom (2575-2181 B.C.E.) Middle Kingdom (2040-1782 B.C.E) New Kingdom (1570-1070 B.C.E) EGYPTIAN RECORD KEEPING
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Term did not become used until the New Kingdom Dynasties. Means “ great house ” Son of Ra, sun god. Worshiped as a god. PHARAOH
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Unlike Sumerian cuneiform, hieroglyphics represented objects and idea ’ s as well as sounds. Carved in stone or clay tablets as well as written on paper. 700 different hieroglyphic symbols. HIEROGLYPHICS
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Created in 196 B.C.E. Discovered in 1799 C.E. In 1822 C.E. Jean-Fran ç ois Champollion used it to help decipher principles in hieroglyphics. ROSETTA STONE
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On the stone was a passage written in Greek, Egyptian hieroglyphics, and a form of Egyptian cursive writing called demotic. By comparing Egyptian hieroglyphics to Greek words the stone could be read. ROSETTA STONE CONT.
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Traveled around the kingdom recording information such as how much wheat was harvested and how many taxes farmers owed to the government. SCRIBES
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Had more rights then most women in other civilizations. Could inherit land and make business transactions. Some may have been scribes and merchants. Most however were not taught to read and write. EGYPTIAN WOMEN
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Ruled with their wives or sons. Ex. If a queens husband died she took power. Hatshepsut took power, expanded trade, and finished several buildings NEW KINGDOM PHARAOHS
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EGYPTIAN SOCIAL HIERARCHY
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Heavy traders, which helped to expand their empire. Chariots were brought by the Hyksos whom invaded and took control of Egypt. 100 years later Egyptian kings took power again. TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
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Built during the Old Kingdom. Tombs for the dead. Believed that kings remained gods after death and thought of pyramids as palaces. Filled them with the kings possession because it was believed that the king could take them with him/her. PYRAMID BUILDING
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The first to get a pyramid was King Zoser. Giza, aka the Great Pyramid, was built for king Khufu. Took 20 years to build! No slave labor was used. Until 1800 C.E. it was the tallest building in the world built by people. PYRAMID BUILDING CONT.
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When the Nile flooded the people could not work in the field so they worked on the Great Pyramid. Used 20,000 workers and 2,000,000 stones GREAT PYRAMID
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Mummification is a process of preserving bodies for the afterlife Vital organs are removed and placed in canopic jars King Tut Made Pharaoh at age 9 Restored order after the reign of Akhenaten. Tomb discovered intact by Howard Carter(1923 C.E.) MUMMIFICATION AND TUTANKHAMEN
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