Citations Workshop Humanities 101 Cornelia Penner / Martha Frey Winter 2015

Today we will learn about: Avoiding plagiarism Quoting & paraphrasing Recognizing the parts of a document and applying MLA citation rules Then there will be a short online exercise to evaluate your learning.

Original source Student essay Emotional stress is caused not simply by the situation itself, but by “people’s appraisal of the nature and intensity of the demands, their resources for dealing with the demands and the consequences likely to result in the situation.”

When you give a direct quotation of someone else’s words… Quoting … you have to cite it.

One book on school counselling recommends giving students with debilitating test anxiety four to six counselling sessions so they can learn techniques for relaxation. Original source Student essay

When you take someone else’s idea and express it in your own words… Paraphrasing … you have to cite it.

In addition to measures students can take to reduce their anxiety about taking tests, there are measures that teachers can take as well. For example, some teachers have developed techniques of team testing where students take tests in groups or in pairs, which reduces the pressure and anxiety that students feel in a test-taking situation. Original sourceStudent essay

When you summarize someone else’s idea… Summarizing … you have to cite it.

Original source Student essay School-related stress is a problem potentially affecting a very large number of people in Canada. As of the 2011/2012 school year, there were 1,996,200 students in postsecondary education, and it is safe to assume that all of them experienced some degree of stress.

When you use facts or statistics… Facts/Statistics … you have to cite them.

Original source Student essay Students experience forms of stress at all levels of education, from kindergarten to graduate school. This essay will look particularly at stress as it relates to students at the CEGEP level, which comes after secondary school.

When you use facts that are common knowledge… Common Knowledge … you don’t have to cite them.

Quoting Paraphrasing Summarizing Facts/Statistics When to Cite Common Knowledge

What is MLA citation style? A set of rules for citing. Used in the fields of language and literature, and some other humanities disciplines.

MLA style: two parts In-text citations Works Cited

In-text citations Known as parenthetical references A brief reference to the work in the body of your text Usually consists of author’s last name and page, in parentheses, e.g. (Smith 273). Works Cited Also known as a bibliography A list of all the works you have referred to in your paper Provides complete information MLA style: two parts

People who are highly stressed are less likely to be able to assess the situation accurately (Hiebert 21). In-text citations Hiebert recommends that school counsellors try to help create a school environment where there are “reasonable demands, clear and consistent expectations and explicit consequences” (27). Basic format: last name and page number If author’s name used in sentence: page number only

Activity 1: Where and how to cite Groups of 2-3 students Handout has 2 excerpts of texts, and an essay paragraph. How would you change the essay paragraph so that it has proper in-text citations and does not plagiarize?

College students face a lot of stress and anxiety during their school years. Anxiety has become a problem for an increasing number of students (Vye, Schollijegerdes, and Welch 7). Studies have shown that these students may “report a range psychological disorders including panic, obsessive- compulsive disorders, and phobias” (Vye, Schollijegerdes, and Welch 7). Even for those who do not necessarily suffer from a diagnosable disorder, students with higher levels of perceived stress also have lower levels of happiness (Schiffrin and Nelson 37). To improve the mental and emotional health of students, colleges should develop more activities and workshops geared toward making a student’s life more enjoyable and less stressful.

Title page Copyright page

UnlockingResearch Listing Authors Books

MLA citation: Book Erickson, Tamara. Plugged in: The Generation Y Guide to Thriving at Work. Boston: Harvard Business, Print. Erickson, Tamara. Plugged in: The Generation Y Guide to Thriving at Work. Boston: Harvard Business, Print. Erickson, Tamara. Plugged in: The Generation Y Guide to Thriving at Work. Boston: Harvard Business, Print. Erickson, Tamara. Plugged in: The Generation Y Guide to Thriving at Work. Boston: Harvard Business, Print.

Activity 2: Book Citation Groups of 2-3 First page of handout: circle all the elements you would need to create a citation in MLA style Use the UnlockingResearch website as a guide (see Listing Authors & Books) Create a citation for this book

First page of article: Information from Academic Search Premier:

UnlockingResearch Listing Authors Articles

MLA citation: Article Hall, Jean P., and Kathy Parker. “Stuck in a Loop: Individual and System Barriers for Job Seekers with Disabilities.” Career Development Quarterly 58.3 (2010): Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb Hall, Jean P., and Kathy Parker. “Stuck in a Loop: Individual and System Barriers for Job Seekers with Disabilities.” The Career Development Quarterly 58.3 (2010): Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb

Activity 2: Journal Article Citation Groups of 2-3 Second page of handout, circle all the elements you would need to create a citation in MLA style. Use the UnlockingResearch website as a guide (see Listing Authors & Articles) Create a citation for this article

Activity 2: Web Document Citation Groups of 2-3 Third page of handout, circle all the elements you would need to create a citation in MLA style. Use the UnlockingResearch website as a guide (see Listing Authors & Web Documents) Create a citation for this article

Formatting your Works Cited Begins on a new page At the top, type the words Works Cited (centred) Double spaced Alphabetical by author Hanging indent: second and subsequent lines of a reference are indented Schiffrin, Holly H. and S. Katherine Nelson. “Stressed and Happy? Investigating the Relationship Between Happiness and Perceived Stress.” Journal of Happiness Studies 11.1 (2010): Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb Vye, Christopher, Kathlene Scholljegerdes, and I. David Welch. Under Pressure and Overwhelmed: Coping with Anxiety in College. Westport: Praeger, Print. Works Cited

College students face a lot of stress and anxiety during their school years. Anxiety has become a problem for an increasing number of students (Vye, Schollijegerdes, and Welch 7). In-Text Citation Full Citation

Individual Moodle exercise Use login provided Counts for marks Same format as last time: – Multiple choice – If you get a question wrong, try again for half a point – Ask for help from librarian/teacher if needed – At the end, click “Submit all and finish”

moodle.mychamplain.ca

Individual Moodle exercise Use login provided Counts for marks Same format as last time: – Multiple choice – If you get a question wrong, try again for half a point – Follow the links in the questions – Ask for help from librarian/teacher if needed – At the end, click “Submit all and finish”