Slide 1 of 31 Chemistry 1.2

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 31 Chemistry Far and Wide > Materials Chemists design materials to fit specific needs. 1.2

Slide 3 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > Materials In 1948, George de Mestral took a close look at the burrs that stuck to his clothing. He saw that each burr was covered with many tiny hooks. In 1955, de Mestral patented the design for the hook-and- loop tapes. These are used as fasteners in shoes and gloves. 1.2

Slide 4 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > Materials This story illustrates two ways of looking at the world—the macroscopic view and the microscopic view. Burrs belong to the macroscopic world, the world of objects that are large enough to see with the unaided eye. The hooks belong to the microscopic world, or the world of objects that can be seen only under magnification. 1.2

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5 of 31 Chemistry Far and Wide > Energy Chemists play an essential role in finding ways to conserve energy, produce energy, and store energy. 1.2

Slide 6 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > Energy Conservation One of the easiest ways to conserve energy is through insulation. Insulation acts as a barrier to heat flow from the inside to the outside of a house or from the outside to the inside of a freezer. 1.2

Slide 7 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > Energy SEAgel is a modern insulation that is light enough to float on soap bubbles. 1.2

Slide 8 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > Energy Production The burning of coal, petroleum, and natural gas is a major source of energy. These materials are called fossil fuels. Oil from the soybeans is used to make biodiesel. 1.2

Slide 9 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > Energy Storage Batteries are devices that use chemicals to store energy that will be released as electric current. For some applications, it important to have batteries that can be recharged rather than thrown away. Digital cameras, wireless phones, and laptop computers use rechargeable batteries. 1.2

Slide 10 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > Medicine and Biotechnology Chemistry supplies the medicines, materials, and technology that doctors use to treat their patients. 1.2

Slide 11 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > Medicine and Biotechnology Medicines There are over 2000 prescription drugs. Many drugs are effective because they interact in a specific way with chemicals in cells. Knowledge of the structure and function of these target chemicals helps a chemist design safe and effective drugs. 1.2

Slide 12 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > Medicine and Biotechnology Materials Chemistry can supply materials to repair or replace body parts. Artificial hips and knees made from metals and plastics can replace worn-out joints and allow people to walk again without pain. 1.2

Slide 13 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > Medicine and Biotechnology Biotechnology From 1990 to 2003, scientists worldwide worked on the Human Genome Project. They identified the genes that comprise human DNA—about 30,000. The discovery of the structure of DNA led to the development of biotechnology. 1.2

Slide 14 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > Medicine and Biotechnology Biotechnology applies science to the production of biological products or processes. 1.2

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 15 of 31 Chemistry Far and Wide > Agriculture Chemists help to develop more productive crops and safer, more effective ways to protect crops. 1.2

Slide 16 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > Agriculture Productivity One way to track productivity is to measure the amount of edible food that is grown on a given unit of land. Chemists test soil to see if it contains the right chemicals to grow a particular crop and recommend ways to improve the soil. 1.2

Slide 17 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > Agriculture Chemists also help determine when a crop needs water. If the genes from a jellyfish that glows are transferred to a potato plant, the plant glows when it needs to be watered. 1.2

Slide 18 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > Agriculture Crop Protection Chemists sometimes use chemicals produced by insects to fight insect pests. The plastic tube wrapped around the stem of the tomato plant contains a chemical that a female pinworm moth emits to attract male moths. It interferes with the mating process so that fewer pinworms are produced. 1.2

Slide 19 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > The Environment A pollutant is a material found in air, water, or soil that is harmful to humans or other organisms. Chemists help to identify pollutants and prevent pollution. 1.2

Slide 20 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > The Environment Identify Pollutants Until the mid-1900s, lead was used in many products, including paints and gasoline. A study done in 1971 showed that the level of lead that is harmful to humans is much lower than had been thought, especially for children. Even low levels of lead in the blood can permanently damage the nervous system of a growing child. 1.2

Slide 21 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > The Environment Prevent Pollution The strategies used to prevent lead poisoning include testing children’s blood for lead, regulation of home sales to families with young children, and public awareness campaigns with posters. 1.2

Slide 22 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > The Environment The percentage of children with elevated blood levels has decreased since the 1970s. 1.2

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 23 of 31 Chemistry Far and Wide > The Universe To study the universe, chemists gather data from afar and analyze matter that is brought back to Earth. 1.2

Slide 24 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > The Universe Chemists have analyzed more than 850 pounds of moon rocks that were brought back to Earth. Some of these rocks are similar to rocks formed by volcanoes on Earth, suggesting that vast oceans of molten lava once covered the moon's surface. 1.2

Slide 25 of 31 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Far and Wide > The Universe The robotic vehicle Opportunity was designed to determine the chemical composition of rocks and soil on Mars. Data collected at the vehicle’s landing site indicated that the site was once drenched with water. 1.2

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