1. Welcome to Chemistry!

2. Objectives Class expectations Review class rules Define Chemistry
Identify reasons why we study Chemistry
Scientific Method

3. Class Expectations
Be on time; prepared with binder, pen, pencil, calculator, and reference table (you will need all of these every single day!)
Remain silent while I am explaining class material. There will be plenty of time for class discussions.
Have homework assignments prepared for discussion or submission.
Work! The effort you put in is directly related to your success in this class. You are responsible for your own success.

4. The Binder In this class you will need a three ring binder.
You will receive a packet for every unit. That packet will consist of guided notes and worksheets. If you lose it, you will need to print a new one.
Your binder should also contain your reference tables and some paper.

5. Other material…
Scientific calculator. You may use your graphing calculator in class, however it will not be allowed during exams. It is not allowed during the Regents exam either.
Pen and a Pencil
Paper
Highlighters, index cards
Lab folders and test folders will stay with your teacher

6. Class Rules Show respect for everyone at all times.
Act appropriate at all times. Chemicals can be extremely dangerous when not handled properly. Anyone who abuses the privilege to work with chemicals will be suspended from labs.
Wear safety goggles at all times in the lab.
Bathroom rule- You may excuse yourself during lecture, however bathroom privileges are based on classroom behavior. Please notify me if you are leaving the room during lab.

7. What is Chemistry? Chemistry
The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes matter undergoes
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space. You don’t have to be able to see it and it can be living or non- living
Examples: you, desk, I-pod, cell phone, air you breathe
Chemistry affects all aspects of life and most natural events because matter is living and non-living

8. What are we, the Earth, and the starts made of?
Our present answer is that there are about 100 different building blocks that explain the composition of the entire visible universe.
This is the result of thousands of years, and countless experiments.

9. Today we know…
So many different objects can be made from such a small amount of fundamental building blocks. (Elements)
These fundamental particles are called ATOMS.

10. So then what did we used to think?
The Greeks viewed matter as being composed of only four things:
Fire
Water
Earth
Air

11. Robert Boyle
It wasn’t until the 1600’s, when Robert Boyle identified gold and silver as themselves being elements.
They are not composed of fire, earth, air, or water.

12. Why Study Chemistry?
Everyone and everything around us involves chemistry
It explains our world
Helps you make better, more informed decisions
Possible career in your future (COLLEGE!!!)
Used to attain a specific goal

13. Chemistry explains why…
Apples turn brown after cutting
Sugar dissolves faster in hot water
Adding yeast to bread dough makes it rise
People add salt to water when making pasta
Plants release oxygen

14. Materials Chemists design materials to fit specific needs
Velcro, perfume, steel, ceramics, plastics, rubber, paints, nonstick utensils, fiberglass…
2 different ways to view the world
Macroscopic – large enough to see with the unaided eye
Microscopic – can be seen only under magnification

15. Energy We need energy to meet the needs of our modern society
The need is constantly increasing
We can conserve, produce and store energy to help meet these demands
Conserve – insulation!
Production – oil from soybeans to make biodiesel
Storage – rechargeable batteries

16. Medicines and Biotechnology
Chemistry supplies the medicines, materials, and technology that doctors use to treat their patients
Penicillin, aspirin, vitamin C , Antacids
Artery transplants, and hip replacements
Human Genome Project, recombinant DNA technology

17. Agriculture
Chemists help to develop more productive crops and safer more effective ways to protect crops
Disease resistant plants
Insecticides
Plant growth hormone
Conservation of water

18. The Environment
Chemists help to identify pollutants and prevent pollution
Pollutants need to be identified and prevented
Lead paint
Drinking water
Carbon dioxide
Ozone
Global warming

19. The Universe
Chemists gather data from afar and analyze matter that is brought back to Earth
Composition of plants
Analyze moon rocks
Planets atmospheres
Life on other planets?

20. The Scientific Method
A logical approach to solving problems or answering questions
Starts with observation
Noting and recording information and facts
Hypothesis
A proposed explanation for the observation
Must be tested
Developing theories
Uses example of Flashlight not working?
Observation
Hypothesis – Batteries are dead
Experiment – Replace batteries
Experiment does not prove my hypothesis so I modify hypothesis to Replace light bulb and try experiment again

21. Steps in the Scientific Method
Observations (uses your senses)
Quantitative involves numbers such as 95 0Celsius
Qualitative is a word description such as hot
Leads to questions
Formulating hypothesis
Possible explanation for the observed set of facts
Educated guess
Performing Experiments
Gather new information to help decide whether the hypothesis is valid

22. Scientific Method Controlled Experiments
Designed to test the hypothesis
Only two possible answers
Hypothesis is supported
Hypothesis is refuted
We gather data and observations by doing the experiment
Modify the hypothesis if needed and repeat the process