Weeks 8-12 History Card

Early and High Renaissance __________________________________________________________ Rebirth of Classic Culture Art: Ghiberti's Doors, Linear Perspective, Schiacciato, Primavera, Mona Lisa Artists: Ghiberti, Brunelleschi, Donatello, Botticelli, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael Gutenberg invents movable type (1447); Turks conquer Constantinople (1453); Columbus lands in New World (1492); Martin Luther starts Reformation (1543)

Lorenzo Ghiberti Lorenzo Ghiberti (Italian: [loˈrɛntso ɡiˈbɛrti]) (1378 – 1 December 1455), bornLorenzo di Bartolo, was a Florentine Italian artist of the Early Renaissancebest known as the creator of the bronze doors of the Florence Baptistery, called by Michelangelo the Gates of Paradise. Trained as a goldsmith and sculptor, he established an important workshop for sculpture in metal. His book ofCommentari contains important writing on art, as well as what may be the earliest surviving autobiography by any artist. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzo_Ghiberti

Ghilberti's Doors The Art Institute of Chicago

Created in the mid-15th century and installed in the eastern portal of the Baptistery, the Gates of Paradise have been praised by generations of artists and art historians for their compelling portrayal of scenes from the Old Testament. Over time, the seventeen-foot-tall, three-ton bronze doors became an icon of Renaissance art and a touchstone of civic and religious life in Florence. This exhibition showcases three panels from the left door of the Gates of Paradise, which depict the stories of Adam and Eve, Jacob and Esau, and David and Goliath. The exhibition also includes figures and heads of prophets from the doorframe, and it explores the evolving nature of art in Florence and Siena during Ghiberti’s career with works from the Art Institute’s permanent collection.

Filippo Brunelleschi Filippo Brunelleschi (Italian: [fiˈlippo brunelˈleski]; 1377 – April 15, 1446) was an Italian engineer and a key figure in architecture. He is perhaps most famous for developing a technique for linear perspective in art and for building the dome of the Florence Cathedral, but his accomplishments also include other architectural works, sculpture, mathematics, engineering and even ship design. His principal surviving works are to be found in Florence, Italy.

What is Linear Perspective In thiis video we learn how Brunelleschi re-discovered perspective.

National Geographic's page on The Duomo

So, What's the Difference? This LINK from Khan Academy tells us the difference between Early and High Renaissance art. Some main points are: 1. Figures are more human and natural looking, instead of stylized romanesque figures. 2. The shapes used within the paintings change from being triangular to pyramidal.

Donatello-Italian sculptor Donatello was the greatest Florentine sculptor before Michelangelo (1475–1564) and was the most influential individual artist of the 15th century in Italy. Not the real deal.... This is the guy....

Does this help? KA-POW

Donatello's use of schiacciato Donatello invented his own bold new mode of relief in his marble panel St. George Killing the Dragon (1416-17, base of the St. George niche at Or San Michele). Known as schiacciato ("flattened out"), the technique involved extremely shallow carving throughout, which created a far more striking effect of atmospheric space than before. The sculptor no longer modeled his shapes in the usual way but rather seemed to "paint" them with his chisel. A blind man could "read" a Ghiberti relief with his fingertips; a schiacciato panel depends on visual rather than tactile perceptions and thus must be seen. Link http://poderesantapia.com/art/donatello.htm

The main attraction of the Siena baptistry is the hexagonal baptismal font, containing sculptures by Donatello, Jacopo della Quercia and others. The panel of The Feast of Herod is one of the great masterpieces of Renaissance sculpture. It was the first relief to be built in accordance with the rules of perspective.

Boticelli Sandro Botticelli was born in the mid-1440s in Florence, Italy. As a boy, he apprenticed as a goldsmith and then with master painter Filippo Lippi. By his forties, Botticelli was himself a master and contributed to the decoration the Sistine Chapel. His best known work is The Birth of Venus. He died in 1510. http://www.biography.com/people/sandro-botticelli-9220903

Primavera http://www. uffizi

Leonardo Da Vinci Artists in the Early Renaissance insisted that they should be considered intellectuals because they worked with their brains as well as with their hands. They defended this position by pointing to the scientific tools that they used to make their work more naturalistic— the study of human anatomy, of mathematics and geometry, of linear perspective. These were clearly all intellectual pursuits!(khan academy) Biography: http://www.biography.com/people/leonardo- da-vinci-40396

Portraits were once rare... We live in a culture that is so saturated with images, it may be difficult to imagine a time when only the wealthiest people had their likeness captured. The weathy merchants of Renaissance Florence could commission a portrait, but even they would likely only have a single portrait painted during their lifetime. A portrait was about more than likeness, it spoke to status and position. In addition, portraits generally took a long time to paint, and the subject would commonly have to sit for hours or days, while the artist captured their likeness. (khan academy)

Mona Lisa

Michelangelo The greater danger for most of us lies not in setting our aim too high and falling short; but in setting our aim too low, and achieving our mark. Michelangelo Read more at http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/m/michelange108 779.html#GfEQ5KixyGqi0pVU.99

Super Genius!! Michelangelo (1475-1564) was a sculptor, painter and architect widely considered to be one of the greatest artists of the Italian Renaissance period—and arguably of all time. His work demonstrated a blend of psychological insight, physical realism and intensity never before seen. His contemporaries recognized his extraordinary talent, and Michelangelo received commissions from some of the most wealthy and powerful men of his day, including popes and others affiliated with the Catholic Church. His resulting work, most notably his Pietà and David sculptures and Sistine Chapel ceiling paintings, has been carefully tended and preserved, ensuring that future generations would be able to view and appreciate Michelangelo’s genius. http://www.history.com/topics/michelangelo

Humanism Rocks!! The Sistine Chapel The Pieta

Want more info? Awesome Website: http://www.arthistorymom.com/renaissance-art/kids-meet- michelangelo-the-reluctant-painter-2/