Civil War: Early Military Strategy SWBAT: Describe the early military strategies of both the North and South

Do Now Take out multiple choice practice questions Make sure ALL answers are on a separate piece of paper Let’s Review!

Military Strategy: South Why did the Confederacy have to adopt a more defensive strategy? Robert E. Lee: Leading Southern Commander Confident battlefield tactician Hoped series of defeats would weaken the North’s determination  North would abandon the conflict & recognize South’s independence

Military Strategy: North In what aspects was the Union at a distinct advantage over the Confederacy? April 1861: 15,000- armed forces, mostly stationed west of the Mississippi Officers trained to lead small professional armies, NOT crowds of untrained men Narrow military vision: recapture Richmond (Confederate capital), attack sporadically, and withdraw after a battle

Military Strategy: North Anaconda Plan: GOAL- to “strangle” south economically Not effective until late in the war

War in the East Most battles took place in a 100 mile corridor between Washington D.C. and Richmond, VA 1st Significant Battle: Bull Run, July 21, 1861 Result The battle corrected both sides idea that the war would be a brief encounter George B. McClellan (Democrat) assumed command of the Union’s Army of the Potomac (main northern force in the East)  hoped compromise might end the war without large loss of life or weakening of slavery Months of military inactivity followed

War in the East Lee’s success on the defensive led to new goals: Bring border states into Confederacy Sway Britain & France to recognize independence Capture Washington D.C. Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862: 4,000 men killed (another 2,000 died later of injuries) and 18,000 wounded More men died in this battle than any other day in our nation’s history (Pearl Harbor, D-Day in WWII, and September 11th) Lee forced to retreat, Union victory (the last for many months)

Confederate dead lie in the "Bloody Lane" President Lincoln and General George B. McClellan in the general's tent near the Antietam battlefield, October 3, 1862

War in the West Ulysses S. Grant orchestrated early Union success A West Point graduate who had been working in Illinois as a clerk February 1862- Union won first significant victory April 1862- Union navy captured New Orleans & sugar plantations to the south and west The hand-in-waistcoat (also referred to as hand-inside-vest, hand-in-jacket, hand-held-in, or hidden hand) was a gesture commonly found in portraiture during the 18th and 19th centuries. The pose appeared by the 1750s to indicate leadership in a calm and firm manner. The pose is most often associated with Napoleon I of France

Wrap Up All of the following were part of the initial Union strategy to win the Civil War EXCEPT: a. A naval blockade of southern ports b. Control of the Mississippi River c. The capture of Richmond d. Keeping the border states in the Union e. Emancipation in the seceded states The Confederate government was able to achieve which of the following goals? a. Recognition by a foreign power b. Frequent victories over Union armies c. A stable monetary system d. A strong central government e. Control of the southern river system E, B