Robert Lestz - Chevron 28 Feb 2006 Impact of Surface Facilities on Addressing Liquid Loading Breakout Session

Effects of Surface and Downhole Pressure Losses Effects of Downhole Skin Effects of Surface Restrictions Assumed Critical Rate

Flow Behaviors in Flowlines Liquids should be expected to accumulate in the flowline Liquids should be expected to accumulate in the flowline Liquids will drop out as the gas cools due to condensation (downstream of compression, winter time, etc…) Liquids will drop out as the gas cools due to condensation (downstream of compression, winter time, etc…)

Condensation - an Everyday Event

Flow Behaviors in the Tubing

Rotary Screw Compression Pro’s Pro’s Can Pull a Vacuum Can Pull a Vacuum Works Well as a Charge Pump for a Recip Works Well as a Charge Pump for a Recip Can Handle High Compression Ratios Can Handle High Compression Ratios Minimal Moving Parts (as Compared to a Recip) Minimal Moving Parts (as Compared to a Recip) Con’s Con’s Discharge Pressure is Limited (~250 psi) Discharge Pressure is Limited (~250 psi) Requires a Gas/Oil Separator Requires a Gas/Oil Separator Requires an Oil Cooling System Requires an Oil Cooling System

A Single Well Plunger Lift Utilizing a Rotary Screw Compressor w/a Chevy Engine Driver

Summary from Break Out Session Poor communications and competing objectives (gas volume vs run time) between field operators and compressor operators are common in many companies Poor communications and competing objectives (gas volume vs run time) between field operators and compressor operators are common in many companies This lack of team work exacerbates liquid loading This lack of team work exacerbates liquid loading Liquid accumulation in flowlines should be expected and designed for Liquid accumulation in flowlines should be expected and designed for Flowlines need to be sized to handle the conditions at depletion (lower pressure, higher velocities, liquid slugging) Flowlines need to be sized to handle the conditions at depletion (lower pressure, higher velocities, liquid slugging) Single well compression is manpower intensive. Most company’s avoid it but those who master it are realizing $$$ benefits Single well compression is manpower intensive. Most company’s avoid it but those who master it are realizing $$$ benefits Creative applications (rotary screw, slipstreaming gas, interstage compression) should be considered if making more gas is a driver Creative applications (rotary screw, slipstreaming gas, interstage compression) should be considered if making more gas is a driver