1. System and Component Efficiency with Refrigerant R410a A. T. Setiawan 1, A. Olsson 2, H. Hager 2 1 Department of Energy Technology, Div. Of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration, KTH, Stockholm 2 SWEP International AB, Box 105, SE-261 22 Landskrona, Sweden

2. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Properties of R410A Comparison with other common refrigerants System characteristics Experimental test facility Experimental heat transfer results Comparison to other data and other refrigerants Overview

3. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm R410a Properties 50/50 mixture of R32/R125 (CH 2 F 2 – C 2 HF 5 ) Glide : Less than 0,1°C (azeotropic) Comparably high pressure (15 Bars at T amb ) ODP : 0 % (HFC refrigerant) GWP : 1730 (compared to CO 2 )

4. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm R410a Vapor Pressure curve

5. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm COP 2, comparison of refrigerants (T 1 =40°C)

6. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Pressure ratio, comparison of refrigerants (T 1 =40°C)

7. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm R410a Pro’s and Con’s Pro’sCon’s Low specific volume, lead to smaller piping and other components No glide (0.1K) No ODP (Ozone Depleting Potential) Appropriate for new systems High pressure, need special components GWP (Global Warming Potential) Not appropriate when converting old R22 systems Low critical temperature (73ºC), limiting the condensation temperature.

8. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Figures of Merit Evaporation in horizontal tubes

9. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Figures of Merit Evaporator (examples) Boiling Heat Transfer Evaporator Pressure Drop

10. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SSP–CBE Modelling Relative CBE size, chiller mode

11. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SSP–CBE Modelling Relative CBE size, heat pump

12. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Experimental Test Facility Availability of components Hermetic compressors available (?) up to 150 kW cooling (tandem) Expansion valve : Limited availability Copper tubes up to 12 mm, then steel Sight glass, filter-dryer, valves available Check valve, oil separator, limited

13. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Experimental Test Facility Tested heat exchangers Condenser : Plate heat exchanger (CBE), 34 plates, 2.0 m 2 co-current and counter-current Evaporator : Plate heat exchanger (CBE), 34 plates, 2.0 m 2 Plate heat exchanger (CBE), 32 plates, 1.0 m 2 both counter-current

14. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Experimental Test Facility Schematic view

15. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Experimental Test Facility The Refrigerant loop, schematic

16. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Evaporator test Operational conditions Evaporation temp : 2°C Inlet vapor quality : 20%  T Superheat = 4°C Heat flux range : 8 – 15 kW/m 2  T Brine = 5°C

17. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Evaporator test Different CBE size

18. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Condenser test Operational conditions Condensing temp : 40°C Compressor discharge temp : 75°C No subcooling Heat flux range : 9 – 18 kW/m 2  T Brine = 5°C

19. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Condenser test Different flow direction

20. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Evaporator test Comparison with literature data

21. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Condenser test Comparison with literature data (R410A)

22. Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm For more information, please refer to final report. Thank you for your attention