1. Wet Compression Bryan V. Butler Manager, Multiphase Systems Bryan V. Butler Manager, Multiphase Systems Email: bryan.butler@weatherford.com A New Surface Flow Management Tool

2. © Weatherford. All rights reserved. What is “Wet Compression”? Gas and liquids in the same flow line Gas is the predominant, continuous phase Gas Volume Factor (GVF) is high: 95 to 99+%

3. © Weatherford. All rights reserved. Types of Wet Compressors Positive Displacement Twin Screw Mass Transfer RamPump™ System

4. © Weatherford. All rights reserved. Wet Compression Liquids help compress gas Liquids control slip flow Liquids help compress gas Liquids control slip flow Twin Screw Multiphase Pump

5. © Weatherford. All rights reserved. Wet Compression Linear Displacement Compression Liquids help efficiency Linear Displacement Compression Liquids help efficiency Mass Transfer Pump

6. © Weatherford. All rights reserved. Wet Compression Operates similar to: Operates similar to: Linear Displacement Compression No liquid requirement Linear Displacement Compression No liquid requirement RamPump™ System

7. © Weatherford. All rights reserved. Wet Compression LIQUID TRAP (IF NEEDED) WET COMPRESSOR SKID DISCHARGE SUCTION Installation – Field Piping

8. © Weatherford. All rights reserved. Wet Compression Provide Isolation and Bypass (all units) Provide Recirculation and Safety Relief (except RamPump) Provide Liquid Trap if needed (except RamPump) Provide Isolation and Bypass (all units) Provide Recirculation and Safety Relief (except RamPump) Provide Liquid Trap if needed (except RamPump) Capacity must allow for extended gas slugging Filter seal flush liquids Option -- Double Mechanical Seal System Option -- Independent Coolant/Flush Line Capacity must allow for extended gas slugging Filter seal flush liquids Option -- Double Mechanical Seal System Option -- Independent Coolant/Flush Line Installation – Field Piping

9. © Weatherford. All rights reserved. Wet Compression Downstream Pressure: Determined by downstream conditions Inlet Pressure: Determined by pump rate Downstream Pressure: Determined by downstream conditions Inlet Pressure: Determined by pump rate Rate Control Methods: Twin Screw & Mass Transfer Pumps VFDs for Electric Drive (100% -30%) Throttle Controls - Engine Drive Automatic Recirculation Controls Transmissions or Belts & Pulleys May need PLC VFDs for Electric Drive (100% -30%) Throttle Controls - Engine Drive Automatic Recirculation Controls Transmissions or Belts & Pulleys May need PLC RamPump System Hydraulic (100% - 0%) 4-20 ma signal from pressure/level Xducer Throttle (Manually Set) Hydraulic (100% - 0%) 4-20 ma signal from pressure/level Xducer Throttle (Manually Set) Installation - Controls

10. © Weatherford. All rights reserved. Wet Compression Compressor are rated by SCF Multiphase Pumps are rated by flow rate at inlet conditions Wet Compressors are pumping equivalent barrels of gas Formula to convert to MSCFPD from BPDe: Compressor are rated by SCF Multiphase Pumps are rated by flow rate at inlet conditions Wet Compressors are pumping equivalent barrels of gas Formula to convert to MSCFPD from BPDe: MSCFPD = 0.1986 x BPDe x (p+14.7)/(t + 460 ) Where p = psig; t = deg F Flow Ratings

11. © Weatherford. All rights reserved. Wet Compression Pumps affected different ways: Twin Screw Casing and Rotors Seal System Slip Flow Increases Casing and Rotors Seal System Slip Flow Increases Mass Transfer Higher Rod Loads Cylinder Walls Volumetric Effic. Cylinder Walls Volumetric Effic. Ram Pump Higher Hyd. Press. Stronger Hsg Wall Volumetric Effic. Higher Hyd. Press. Stronger Hsg Wall Volumetric Effic. Mass Flow Rate is Affected by Compression Ratio Compression Ratios and Operating Pressures

12. © Weatherford. All rights reserved. Wet Compression High Compression Ratios – Staged Installation Hi-Vol Low Press. Low Vol. Hi-Press. Surge Vessel 30 psig 250 psig 800 psig Cr = 5.9Cr = 3.1 Cr = 18.2

13. © Weatherford. All rights reserved. Thank you for your attention Bryan V. Butler Manager, Multiphase Systems 11909 Spencer Rd. (FM 529) Houston, Tx. 77041 USA Main: 713 983-5000 Direct: 713 983-5223 Fax: 713 983-5040 Mobile 281 705-6228 Email: bryan.butler@weatherford.com