Properties of Matter

Unit Components  Physical Properties  Characteristic Properties  States of Matter  Mixtures and Solutions

Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space

Mass: the amount of matter in an object measured with a balance

Volume: the amount of space an object takes up measured with a ruler or graduated cylinder

Physical Properties  Are characteristics or features that describe matter  Are true only for a certain amount of matter

Physical property is a property that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. Physical Properties Examples: viscosity viscosity conductivity conductivity malleability malleability hardness hardness magnetism magnetism melting point melting point boiling point boiling point density density color color

Examples of Physical Properties Viscosity of a substance is its resistance to flow. Examples: water = low viscosity Examples: water = low viscosity honey = high viscosity Conductivity is a material’s ability to allow heat to flow. Examples: metal = high conductivity wood = poor conductivity Examples: metal = high conductivity wood = poor conductivity

Examples of Physical Properties Malleability of a substance is its ability to be hammered into a thin sheet Melting and Boiling points are the temperatures at which a solid becomes a liquid and a liquid becomes a gas. Density of a substance is the ratio of its mass compared to its volume.

Physical Properties to separate mixtures Two common separation methods: Filtration – process that separates materials based on the size of their particles. Distillation – process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points.

Physical Change A change in the appearance, without changing the composition of the material. Can be reversible, or irreversible Can be reversible, or irreversible Substance may seem different, but the way the atoms link up is the same. Substance may seem different, but the way the atoms link up is the same. It is a physical change if... It changes shape or size It changes shape or size Or the substance changes phase. Or the substance changes phase. It dissolves. It dissolves.

Chemical property is any ability to produce a change in the composition of matter. Chemical Properties flammability reactivity Material’s ability to burn in the presence of oxygen. How readily a substance combines chemically with other substances. Examples of chemical properties...

Chemical Changes Chemical changes occur when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances. Formation of a precipitate. A change in color. Production of a gas. You know a chemical change has occurred when...

physical What kind of change is it?

chemical What kind of change is it?

physical What kind of change is it?

physical What kind of change is it?

chemical What kind of change is it?

physical What kind of change is it?

Characteristic Properties  Are properties that do NOT change as mass, volume and/or shape change.  Are properties of a substance, not a specific object

Examples include  boiling point  melting point  solubility  conductivity  hardness  pH  flammability  density

Because characteristic properties are usually not affected by physical changes, they can be used to identify matter

States of Matter  Solid  Liquid  Gas  Plasma

The Molecule Chamber  Demonstrates the movement of particles of matter in the various states in which it occurs.  Increased temperature increases particle movement and the space between them.  The particles of water behave differently because of the make up of the molecule

Solids Have definite shape and definite volume Particles are tightly packed

Liquids Do not have definite shape but do have definite volume Particles are loosely packed

Gases Do not have definite shape or definite volume Particles are very far apart

Phase Changes of Water ICE WATER STEAM melting freezing evaporating condensing (solid) (liquid) (gas)

Properties of Matter include:  How it looks (shiny, dull, colored)  How it feels (hard, soft, rough, smooth)  How it smells (sweet, salty, flowery)  How it sounds (loud, soft, hollow)  How it tastes (sweet salty, bitter, sour)  What it does (bounce, bubble, tear)

Examples of Physical Properties/Changes: Mass Volume Shape Texture State Mixture Solution Odor

Examples of Chemical Properties/Changes: Burning Rusting Cooking Film Processing (Any change that causes NEW matter to be formed)

Characteristic Properties are...  properties that do not change with changes in mass or volume  examples include:  density  boiling point  melting point  freezing point

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