1. Physical Properties
A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be measured or observed without changing the composition of the material.

2. Viscosity Viscosity is the tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing.
High viscosity means a liquid moves slowly.
Temperature affects viscosity.
As temperature increases, viscosity decreases.

3. Conductivity
Conductivity is the ability of a material to let energy pass through it.
High conductivity means that the material allows energy to pass through it easily.

4. Malleability
Malleability describes the ability of a material to be hammered without breaking.
High malleability means that the material will not break when hammered.

5. Melting and Boiling Points
Pure substances have a set temperature that they melt at and boil at.
The melting and boiling points of materials can be used to purify materials.

6. Density
Density is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of a substance.
Pure materials have a set density.
Water has a density of 1.0 g/mL.

7. Uses of Physical Properties
Physical properties can be used to separate mixtures.
Two ways to separate mixtures are filtration and distillation.

8. Filtration
Filtration is a process that separates mixtures based on the size of particles.
A filter with holes of a certain size is used.
As the mixture passes through the holes, particles larger than the holes in the filter are stuck while smaller particles pass through.

9. Distillation
Distillation is a process that separates parts of a solution based on the boiling points of the chemicals in the solution.

10. Physical Changes
Physical Changes affect the physical properties of a substance.
The chemical is the same before and after the change
Key Verbs:
Distill
Break
Boil
Melt
Heat

11. Chemical Property
A chemical property is any ability to produce a change in the composition of matter.

12. Flammability / Combustion
These are the ability of a material to burn in the presence of oxygen.
High flammability means the material will burn easily in the presence of oxygen.

13. Reactivity
Reactivity describes how easily a substance combines chemically with other substances.
A highly reactive substance reacts easily with other substances.

14. Chemical Properties/Change
Chemical properties describe how chemicals interact with each other
A new chemical is formed

15. Clues for Chemical Changes
Key clues:
Change in color
Production of a gas (bubbles form)
Be careful; boiling is a physical change.
Formation of a gas
Burning