Essential Questions Activity Focus: How did Americans on the home front support or oppose WWI? Unit Focus: When should the United States go to War? Unit Focus: Did America’s emergence as a world power move it close or further away from its founding ideals? Unit Focus: What considerations should guide the development of American foreign policy?

Can you explain how your group felt about the war and how it affected your group? GOAL

Directions 1. Copy the table into your notebook. Onto two blank pages. 2. Use the questions along the top of the table to interview each historical group. 3. Record the answers in the appropriate box in the table.

GroupDid this group support or oppose the war? In what ways did this group support or oppose the war? How did World War I affect this group? Pacifists Four-Minute Men American families Federal government officials African American leaders African American migrants Immigrants Wobblies

Directions Part 1. Read the appropriate section of History Alive chapter 24 and complete the corresponding reading notes for your historical group. 2. Prepare for your role in the interview. Create a brief introduction that explains who you are and whether you support or oppose the war. Prepare answers to these questions, using as many terms as possible: In what ways have you supported or opposed the war? How has World War I affected your life?

Can you explain how three different groups felt about the war and how it affect these groups? GOAL

GroupDid this group support or oppose the war? In what ways did this group support or oppose the war? How did World War I affect this group? PacifistsOpposedA group of women started the Woman’s Peace Party; some young men declared themselves conscientious objectors and refused to serve in the armed forces. The military drafted many pacifists into the armed forces despite their objections; pacifists who refused to serve in the military risked going to prison. Four- Minute Men SupportedFour-Minute Men made short speeches for the Committee on Public Information; these patriotic speeches addressed such topics as why the United States was fighting the war and why people needed to conserve fuel. The Four-Minute Men received speeches about every 10 days from the Committee on Public Information; in places with large numbers of immigrants, they gave speeches in different languages.

GroupDid this group support or oppose the war? In what ways did this group support or oppose the war? How did World War I affect this group? American families Mostly supported Families bought Liberty Bonds to help finance the war; families participated in Meatless Mondays and Wheatless Wednesdays to conserve food and reduce waste. To help finance the war, more families paid income tax when the level of taxable income was reduced to $1,000; families started observing daylight savings to conserve energy. Federal government officials SupportedThe War Industries Board coordinated the work of many government agencies and industry groups to make sure supplies and equipment were produced and delivered to the military; the government worked to ensure the cooperation of unions in the war effort. New government agencies were formed, providing more jobs; the National War Labor Board looked at such issues as wages and hours. African American leaders Some supported and others Opposed W. E. B. Du Bois wrote an editorial in the NAACP newspaper urging blacks to serve in the military; William Monroe Trotter argued that the government should work to end discrimination at home before fighting for democracy overseas. Black leaders disagreed about how African Americans should respond to the war effort; lynchings, Jim Crow laws, and segregated army units still troubled many African Americans. African American migrants Mostly supported Some African Americans served in the military; some African Americans worked in the thousands of new jobs that opened up at northern factories as production of war materials rose. Many African Americans from the South headed north during the Great Migration; in some northern cities, racial tensions erupted into riots. ImmigrantsMostly supported Immigrants bought war bonds; immigrant families participated in conservation efforts and worked in wartime industries. Rumors of enemy agents sparked anti-immigrant sentiments; recent immigrants became targets of self appointed patriot groups and were suspected of disloyalty. WobbliesOpposedWobblies spoke out against the war in their newspaper, Industrial Worker; Wobblies believed they could not be forced to fight in a war they did not agree with. The Wobblies’ antiwar views gave their enemies a chance to attack them as disloyal; federal agents raided some of the Wobblies’ meeting halls in 1917.

GroupDid this group support or oppose the war? In what ways did this group support or oppose the war? How did World War I affect this group? African American leaders Some supported and others Opposed W. E. B. Du Bois wrote an editorial in the NAACP newspaper urging blacks to serve in the military; William Monroe Trotter argued that the government should work to end discrimination at home before fighting for democracy overseas. Black leaders disagreed about how African Americans should respond to the war effort; lynchings, Jim Crow laws, and segregated army units still troubled many African Americans. African American migrants Mostly supported Some African Americans served in the military; some African Americans worked in the thousands of new jobs that opened up at northern factories as production of war materials rose. Many African Americans from the South headed north during the Great Migration; in some northern cities, racial tensions erupted into riots.

GroupDid this group support or oppose the war? In what ways did this group support or oppose the war? How did World War I affect this group? Immigrant s Mostly supported Immigrants bought war bonds; immigrant families participated in conservation efforts and worked in wartime industries. Rumors of enemy agents sparked anti-immigrant sentiments; recent immigrants became targets of self appointed patriot groups and were suspected of disloyalty. WobbliesOpposedWobblies spoke out against the war in their newspaper, Industrial Worker; Wobblies believed they could not be forced to fight in a war they did not agree with. The Wobblies’ antiwar views gave their enemies a chance to attack them as disloyal; federal agents raided some of the Wobblies’ meeting halls in 1917.

Key vocabulary  Woman’s Peace Party  Committee on Public Information (CPI)  Liberty Bonds  Great Migration  Espionage Act  Sedition Act  Wobblies  Schenck v. United States  War Industries Board (WIB)