1. World War I and American Society https://www. youtube. com/watch

2. Financing The War
Entire federal budget $1 Billion, Cost of War $32 Billion
More Tax Revenue helps with $10 Billion (income, corporate, inheritance)
Selling War Bonds $23 Billion- Appeal to the patriotism of the public

3. The War Boards
War Industries Board (WIB) led by Bernard Baruch- centralized regulation of industry, controlled production, prices, and product
Food Administration led by Herbert Hoover- encouraged rationing, organized shipment of food to Europe, big help in Belgium, extremely effective (tripled overseas shipment in 2 years)
Fuel Administration led by Harry Garfield- directed efforts to save coal and energy, Daylight savings time goes into effect
National War Labor Board led by William Howard Taft- helped arbitrate disputes between workers and employers, labor gains ground

4. The Great Migration 1917
Hundreds of thousands of African Americans moved from the South to the North
Push- poverty, racism in South, and violence
Pull- Factory jobs available, more freedom
Impact: larger African American communities, race riots and competition

5. African American Soldiers WWI
400,000 African American soldiers participated, 50,000 went to France
Served in segregated units under white commanders, barred from the Marines, faced a lot of racism
Thought that service in WWI helping to “make the world safe for democracy” would create more equality

6. Raising Troops- The American Expeditionary Force
120,000 troops in Army in we needed more (ultimately over 2 million Americans go overseas out of 4.7 million that were ready)
Thousands volunteer- Teddy wants to do it the old way (civilian recruitment- Rough Riders part 2)
Selective Service Act of National draft that required men from ages to sign up million were called by the lottery.

7. Committee of Public Information- Patriotic Propaganda
Directed by George Creel
artists, writers, movie stars, Vaudeville performers promoted Patriotism and a strong Anti-German message (they are savages)
Encouraged self-censorship of newspapers, most cooperated

8. George Creel and Others

9. Espionage Act and Sedition Act
Espionage Act years in prison for inciting rebellion or obstructing the draft (CPI was encouraging people to tattle on disloyal people), used to target Socialists
Sedition Act of made it illegal for anyone to make “disloyal” or “abusive” remarks about the U.S. government. 2,000 were prosecuted under these acts including Eugene Debs
Schenk v. United States (1919)- Espionage Act deemed constitutional, right to free speech can be limited when it represented a “clear and present danger”

10. 100% Americanism?
Patriotism led to some good and bad things in society
Good- support of the troops, sacrifice at home to help the troops abroad, financial support for the war
Bad- racism, discrimination, attacking dissenters
American Protective League (250,000 people)- watched neighbors, tapped phones, opened mail

11. Women and WWI
Helped on the home front with factory jobs, organized food drives, supported rationing, victory gardens
Over 10,000 women served overseas as nurses
Women’s Peace Party- Carrie Chapman Catt (changed mind later)
Efforts helped lead to the 19th Amendment