WASHINGTON & ADAMS: PRESIDENCIES SWBAT: Describe precedents set by Washington’s administration

Do Now Identify the three branches of the Federal Government. Can you name any members of Washington’s cabinet? Right to Left: Washington- President Henry Knox- Sec. of War Alexander Hamilton- Sec. of Treasury Thomas Jefferson- Sec. of State Edmund Randolph- Attorney General

Washington’s Presidency "I walk on untrodden ground…" Precedents Set: Cabinet within Executive Branch Policy of Neutrality 2-term Limit to Presidency Positive Relationship with Great Britain State of the Union, Farewell Address Presidential Retreat

Hamilton’s Financial Plan What was one of congress’ major financial weaknesses under the A.o.C? 3 Parts: 1. Pay off debt & federal gov. will assume war debt of states 2. High tariffs to protect domestic industry 3. Create a national bank to deposit funds & print banknotes (dollars) Who would support this plan? Why?

Foreign Affairs French Revolution (Washington & Adams) Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) Jefferson resigned from Cabinet Jay Treaty (1794) Jay sent to Britain to discuss an end to British seizures of American ships and impressment Britain agreed to leave posts on western frontier of U.S. Angered Americans- issues not addressed

Domestic Affairs Whiskey Rebellion (1794) Excise tax on whiskey was passed by Congress Pennsylvania farmers refused to pay  attacked revenue collectors Washington sent 15,000 militia men to show force  successful, almost no bloodshed Western farmers grew resentful at level of force against common people

Political Parties Emerge Which statement do you agree with? Why? A. “Political parties raise the public’s awareness of issues for their involvement” - T. Jefferson B. “Political parties are a conspiracy against the best interests of the nations” - G. Washington NO mention in Constitution 1790s dominated by Federalist Party  Federalist Era Parties emerged around two leaders: Hamilton and Jefferson

FEDERALISTSDEMOCRATIC- REPUBLICANS Leaders John Adams Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson James Madison View of Constitution Interpret loosely Create strong central gov Interpret strictly Create weak central gov Foreign Policy Pro-BritishPro-French Military Policy Develop large peacetime army & navy Develop small peacetime army & navy Economic Policy Aid business, support high tariffs, create national bank Favor agriculture, oppose tariffs, oppose a national bank Supporters Northern business owners Large landowners Skilled workers, small farmers, plantations owners

Washington’s Farewell Address Letter addressed to the People, published in newspapers Strong Suggestions: Do not get involved in European Affairs Do not make “permanent alliances” in foreign affairs Do not form political parties Do not fall into sectionalism Select one piece of advice and explain to what extent you agree

Adams’ Presidency Washington leaves office after 2 terms Adams v. Jefferson Adams wins by 3 electoral votes Jefferson became VP

Domestic Affairs XYZ Affair U.S. merchant ships seized by French warships French officials (X, Y, and Z) requested bribes from U.S. delegates to enter negotiations Reports infuriated Americans  wanted war against France Adams resisted sentiments b/c army and navy were not strong enough

Domestic Affairs Alien and Sedition Acts Started with Naturalization Act: increased years from 5 to 14 to become a citizen Alien Acts: Power given to Pres. to deport aliens considered dangerous & an enemy in time of war Sedition Act: Made it illegal for newspapers to criticize the President or Congress; fines and imprisonment enforced

Domestic Affairs Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions Democratic-Republicans argued the Alien and Sedition Acts violated rights guaranteed by the 1 st Amendment Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote legislation to nullify the acts in Kentucky and Virginia Stated the Federal government broke the “compact” it created with the states

Revolution of 1800 Election of 1800 = A Peaceful Revolution Federalists lost support during Adams’ presidency Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for electoral votes  Special Election in the House of Rep. to break tie  Hamilton urged his followers to givesupport to Jefferson Passing of power from one political party to another occurred peacefully

Wrap Up What stimulated the formation of political parties in the U.S.? Explain. Which individuals or groups would have supported the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions? Why?