1. Do Now! Precedent: Act or statement that becomes a tradition to be followed Tariff: A tax on imported goods Cabinet: A group of federal leaders heading the major departments of the executive branch

2. EQ: What are government party politics? The students will be able to recall, interpret, translate, analyze, diagnose, and evaluate the implementation of Constitutional principles, suppressing dissent, relations with Native Americans, and the Alien and Sedition Acts.

3. Sec 1: Government and Party Politics In 1789, the new electoral college unanimously elected George Washington as President of the United States. The administration began with only Washington, Vice President John Adams, and some clerks. Washington began setting important precedents, or acts that become traditions to be followed.

5. One precedent was to form a Cabinet. The Cabinet was made up of leaders of major departments of the executive branch. The leaders in the Cabinet advised the President. Congress passed the Judiciary Act which set up the judicial branch and created a system of thirteen federal district courts, one for each state. The State department was led by Thomas Jefferson.

6. Thomas Jefferson

7. As Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton had the job of paying off the nation’s largest debts. Hamilton planned to pay the national debt by selling government bonds. He also called for high tariffs, or taxes on goods that are imported. Hamilton felt that the nation’s agricultural economy was backward. Hamilton wanted to quickly develop a strong commercial and industrial economy as well as a strong army and navy.

8. Alexander Hamilton

9. Jefferson and Madison were against Hamilton’s plan. Hamilton interpreted the Constitution broadly, relying on its “implied powers” and its clauses allowing Congress to enact laws for the “general welfare.” Hamilton’s broad interpretation of the Constitution is known as loose construction. Jefferson and Madison preferred a strict construction, or limiting the federal government to powers explicitly granted by the Constitution.

10. In 1794, the excise tax on whiskey led to rebellion. Rural farmers resisted the whiskey tax by attacking tax collectors. Washington and Hamilton showed the new power of the nation by sending militia to suppress the Whiskey Rebellion. The rebellion quickly ended.

12. As a result of the Whiskey Rebellion, the federal government, headed by Washington and Hamilton, wanted to build up its power and authority. Meanwhile the opposition, led by Madison and Jefferson, grew stronger. The authors of the Constitution wanted to avoid organized political parties. However, practical politics and the Whiskey Rebellion resulted in the establishment of two distinct political parties: the Federalists, led by Hamilton and John Adams, and the Democratic Republicans, led by Jefferson.

13. Document 4- Federalist Era DBQ Question

14. Do Now! Alien and Sedition Acts: Authorized the President to arrest and deport immigrants who criticized the federal government Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: Declared the Sedition Act unconstitutional XYZ Affair: Roused public sentiment AGAINST France

15. EQ: What was the struggle over foreign policy? The students will be able to recall, interpret, translate, analyze, diagnose, and evaluate the implementation of Constitutional principles, suppressing dissent, relations with Native Americans, and the Alien and Sedition Acts.

16. Sec 2: The Struggle Over Foreign Policy As President, Washington helped unify the country during the difficult times of the early 1790s. In 1791, British guns helped Native Americans, led by war chief Little Turtle, crush an American force. Britain hoped to limit American settlement by providing arms and ammunitions to the Native Americans. But in 1794, federal troops defeated the Miami Confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The Treaty of Greenville gave most of the present-day Ohio to the USA.

17. Chief Little Turtle

18. In 1793, leaders of the French Revolution declared war on the monarchies of Europe. As a result, Britain and France were at war. President Washington issued a proclamation of American neutrality. The British navy tested American neutrality by seizing American ships in the West Indies. Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to negotiate a treaty with the British.

19. The USA also signed a treaty with Spain. Spain controlled the Mississippi River and New Orleans. The treaty gave Americans shipping rights on the Mississippi River and access to New Orleans.

20. In 1796, the French began seizing U.S. Ships. President Adams sent envoys to Paris. But three French officials, known as X, Y, and Z, demanded humiliating terms. The XYZ Affair set Americans against France.

21. The XYZ Affair inspired this political cartoon in 1797. The French government is the monster with the dagger, demanding money from the Americans.

22. Arguing that criticism undermined trust in the government, the Federalists passed the Alien and Sedition Acts. Virginia and Kentucky passed the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions. They said the Sedition Act, which made it a crime for citizens to publicly discredit the federal government, was unconstitutional. One effect of the Alien and Sedition Act was to limit the power of the Democratic Republican Party.

23. In 1800, Adams lost the presidential election. Jefferson and his running mate, Aaron Burr, received the same number of electoral votes. The voters had meant for Jefferson to become President and Burr to become Vice President. However, the Constitution did not allow separate votes for each office. The House of Representatives decided that Jefferson would become President. In 1804, the Constitution was amended to require electors to vote separately for President and Vice President.

24. EXIT SLIP https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uw0KcA5 9_8s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uw0KcA5 9_8s What did the XYZ affair show the world?

25. Document 5- Federalist Era DBQ Question