Do Now– 06/03– last week of Do Nows 1)When/where was the Battle of Gettysburg? 2)Who were the generals, which one won it? 3)Why is it important? 4)What is Pickett’s Charge? 5)Why did it fail? It was fought in Gettysburg PA, July The Union won this battle under General Meade– General Lee and the Confederates lost. It was the turning point in the war for the North who had been losing up to this point. General Pickett, using Napoleonic Tactics, marched his men across an open field towards slaughter by Union forces with better position. These tactics do not work with modern technology. A lesson that would take Generals a long time to learn– at the cost of many lives.

GETTYSBURG RESULTS USA– of 88,000 troops there, 23,000 casualties % of their forces. CSA– of 75,000 troops there, 28,000 casualties % of their forces

51,000 casualties– 7,500 dead United States citizens. The population of the USA was 31 million at the time. In percentage terms– it is the equivalent of 74 million casualties today (315 million people). RESULTS CONTINUED…

After the war South– forced back to VA. Lost 1/3 rd of forces, will never be in North again. North– relieved of war. Not in N again. Meade– didn’t pursue Lee’s forces. Dismissed… not clear that he could have, but Lincoln is tired of ineffective generals….

TRUE/FALSE–If false, make a true statement Do outloud with your group: 1)Pickett’s charge shows us how Napoleonic Tactics don’t work against modern weapons. 2)The North finally found a good general in Meade (who won Gettysburg). 3)The South would continue to attack the North for the next year after Gettysburg. 4)The majority of the battles were fought in the South, so that the South experienced major destruction. 5)Practically an entire generation of young men were left dead or crippled by the Civil War.

Do Now– 05/14 USE CW BOOKLET Work with your group– what does the last part of the Gettysburg Address mean? (fill in in notes) “It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

Do Now– 05/14 1)According to the Gettysburg Address, what are the reasons the Civil War being fought? (more than one) Have your Civil War booklet out and use the notes we took to figure it out.

LINCOLN CHOSES NEW COMMANDER: March 1864 ULYSSES S. GRANT

ULYSSES S. GRANT WAR OF ATTRITION

Unconcerned about loss of troops Won through numbers Many thought he was a bad general because he lost so many troops. GRANT’s War of Attrition

These terrible battles are great for those who read about them and lose no friends. I am decidedly in favor of avoiding them. The only way to do so is to push forward. Ulysses S. Grant

I have never advocated war except as a means of peace. Ulysses S, Grant

GET OUT YOUR CIVIL WAR PACKETS Answer question 8 in your packet! Have one person from each group turn in your Glory assignment.

TRENCH WARFARE Military commanders learned that if they armed a soldier standing in a trench with one of these muskets aimed at advancing troops, he could eliminate 3-4 X his number. Both sides dig trenches and fight from there. Used What are the advantages? Disadvantages?

TRENCH WARFARE

TOTAL WAR

Why was it done? Do you think it was effective? Why would some say this tactic is wrong? Would you support the USA using this tactic? Why or why not? Would you support someone using this tactic against the USA? Why was this tactic especially problematic for the Civil War?

William Tecumseh Sherman By 1864 Sherman believed in destroying the Confederacy's material and psychological will to wage war: TOTAL WAR. In 1864, he burnt Atlanta to the ground, and continued his “March to the Sea," leaving a sixty mile-wide path of destruction through the heartland of Georgia. Freed thousands of slaves, was greeted as a liberator. He wrote an order that all former slaves be given 40 acres of their masters’ land and a mule.

William Tecumseh Sherman I am tired and sick of war. It is only those who have neither fired a shot nor heard the shrieks and groans of the wounded who cry aloud for blood, for vengeance, for desolation. War is hell. - William Tecumseh Sherman

What are the main reasons the North was able to turn the tide of the war? (There are AT LEAST three) * The surge in numbers when African Americans were allowed to join. * Change in the CAUSE for fighting: with the Gettys-burg Address and the Emancipation Proclamation, there is a higher cause! * Generals Grant and Sherman and their relentless destruction of the South’s ability and will to fight.

Clara Barton Nurse during the Civil War. Ran out onto the field to assist soldiers at great risk to herself. One of the first people to do this. Recruited people to raise medical supplies to help soldiers. Her clothes would get so soaked in blood she had to ring them out periodically before continuing. A man she was treating was once killed by a bullet that went through her sleeve. Kept right on treating men. Started the American Red Cross in 1881.

"The art of war is simple enough. Find out where your enemy is. Get at him as soon as you can. Strike him as hard as you can, and keep moving on.“ Ulysses S. Grant

I felt like anything rather than rejoicing at the downfall of a foe who had fought so long and valiantly, and had suffered so much for a cause, though that cause was, I believe, one of the worst for which a people ever fought, and one for which there was the least excuse. Ulysses S. Grant