Classwork PowerPoint 9/28 – 10/2/15 Mrs. Miret 8th Grade Physical Science Clermont Middle School

9/28 BELLRINGER You will only need your interactive notebook and a piece of notebook paper today. BELLRINGER: Write your name on a piece of notebook paper, then answer the following short answer question. EQ: What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law?

Activity #11 (Cornell Notes) Scientific Theory vs Scientific Law EQ: What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law? Create a double bubble or Venn Diagram organizer that compares a Scientific Theory to a Scientific Law See the next slide for information needed to create a double bubble or Venn Diagram.

Scientific Theory and Scientific Law (Answer Key) Both Theory and Law Scientific Law 1) Biology has more of these 1) Tested hypothesis 1) Chemistry and Physics have more of these 2) Explains how nature works 2) Supported by large amount of data 2) Describes what nature does under certain conditions (usually with a mathematical formula) 3) Helps unify a field of study 4) Can be modified if even 1 peer-reviewed experiment produces data showing disagreement 5) Widely accepted by a vast majority (if not all) scientists within a discipline

9/28 Scientific Theories and Laws / A#11 NOTES EQ: What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law? The scientific method is an organized and careful method that scientists use figure things out about nature. The experiment process never really ends The conclusion (whether it ends in a description of how or a statement of what) can be changed when further experimentation shows changes should be made.

Scientific Theory and Scientific Law A#11 The field of biology has more scientific theories that result from research. The fields of chemistry and physics have more scientific laws that result from research. Cell Theory Charles’s Law: V1/T1 = V2/T2 Evolutionary Theory Charles Law: V1/T1 = V2/T2

Scientific Theory and Scientific Law A#11 Scientific Law usually explains how a process works under a given set of conditions with a mathematical formula Scientific Theory usually describes a phenomenon seen in nature. Force is the product of an object’s mass and acceleration New cells form from existing cells BOTH are proven true through continuous experimentation!

A#11 Is this an example of a scientific theory or a scientific law? Mass can come from energy and energy from mass (E= mc2) Is this a scientific theory or a scientific law? The speed of light in a vacuum is constant and an absolute physical boundary for motion Is this a scientific theory or a scientific law? Scientific LAW This is part of Einstein’s THEORY of relativity

Is a scientific theory or a scientific law more correct? Charles’s Law: V1/T1 = V2/T2 Cell Theory That’s a trick question! Both are equally proven to be true through continuous experimentation. Force is the product of an object’s mass and acceleration Evolutionary Theory

A#12 EQ: Is it Repetition or Replication? Multiple Trials Redo entire experiment Precision (How close are the results to each other?) Accuracy (True value) Meaning: To “REPEAT” Meaning: To “REPLICATE” COPY

Repetition vs Replication Video Link Note: This is a short video explaining the difference between repetition and replication. It is a reinforcement for the table that is on the previous slide. It was shown in class on 9/29 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5EcbYq2BSNM

9/29 5th only / DESIGN AN EXPERIMENT Your task is to design a hypothetical experiment similar to the ones we discussed in the Simpsons Experimental Design PPT. (Level 4 DOK) Identify – Hypothesis Independent Variable Control Group Experimental Group Dependent Variable Conclusion How could this experiment be improved? i

9/30 Scientific Inquiry Pre-Test What is the difference between - 1. Qualitative data and Quantitative data 2. Repetition and Replication 3. Independent Variable and Dependent Variable 4. Control Group and Experimental Group 5. Scientific Theory and Scientific Law 6. Control and Constant 7. Hypothesis and Conclusion

Scientific Inquiry Pre-Test ANSWER KEY Qualitative data and Quantitative data. Qualitative data is expressed with words and quantitative data is expressed in numbers. Repetition and Replication Repetition refers to repeated trials within an experiment and Replication refers to doing the entire experiment over again. Independent variable and Dependent Variable The independent variable is what is being tested/manipulated by the investigator. A dependent variable is the outcome factor that we are measuring in the experiment. Control Group and Experimental Group The control group is the group that we are comparing our test with. The experimental group is the group that we have changed by adding an independent variable Scientific Theory and Scientific Law A scientific theory explains how nature works (why it happened). A scientific law describes what nature does. (usually with a mathematical formula) Control and Constant A control is the factor that is used to compare to in an experiment. The factor that the independent variable has not been applied to. A constant is a factor that remains the same in every part of the experiment. Hypothesis and Conclusion A hypothesis is a testable question based on prior knowledge, observations, and research. A conclusion is a statement that explains the results of the experiment and states if hypothesis has been supported or disproved.

10/1 Peer Study Session 20 minutes Take out your INB You will be picking a partner and quizzing each other using your notes. You may go anywhere in the room to study with your partner. Off task students will be sent to their seats to study alone. Focus on activity 9, 10, and the notes that followed them.

10/2 Science Inquiry and Problem Solving Test These are your scanned test day instructions. You will be taking your test today. There are 50 items on the test. All items on this test are multiple choice. All items on this test are multiple choice questions. You will be filling in circles on an answer sheet You will not be able to write on the test Make sure that you write your name on your answer sheet Add the date, your class period, and quiz form (form A or B) When you complete the test raise your hand Your test will be scanned and you will know how you did on your test immediately Your test will then be collected You may read or work on homework for another class for the remainder of the testing session.