A & P, chapter 2 Chemical Basis of Life

2 Question of the day What is the difference between elements, compounds, and mixtures? 2

3 Question of the Day What is the difference between a solution and a suspension?

Chemical Bonding & Reactions Types of Bonding hydrogen, ionic, covalent Types of Reactions synthesis (dehydration) exchange decomposition (hydrolysis) reversible Types of Bonding hydrogen, ionic, covalent Types of Reactions synthesis (dehydration) exchange decomposition (hydrolysis) reversible

5 Question of the Day What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonding?

6 Question of the Day What is the difference between a synthesis reaction and a decomposition reaction? 6

Acids vs. Bases Dissociation of water electrolytes pH and pH scale buffer CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 H + + HCO 3 - Dissociation of water electrolytes pH and pH scale buffer CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 H + + HCO 3 -

Organic vs. Inorganic Contains carbon Nonelectrolytes Contains carbon Nonelectrolytes Doesn’t Contain Carbon Electrolytes Doesn’t Contain Carbon Electrolytes

Carbohydrates 1:2:1 ratio [C(H 2 O)] Made up of monomers isomers glycilic linkage main source of energy; storage of energy, structural component 1:2:1 ratio [C(H 2 O)] Made up of monomers isomers glycilic linkage main source of energy; storage of energy, structural component

Lipids H, C, O ester linkage Storage of energy, structural components, protective coating Fats, Oils, Waxes, Steriods Unsaturated vs. Saturated Fats Phospholipid (hydrophobic/hydrophilic) H, C, O ester linkage Storage of energy, structural components, protective coating Fats, Oils, Waxes, Steriods Unsaturated vs. Saturated Fats Phospholipid (hydrophobic/hydrophilic)

Proteins Made of Amino Acids 20 different types with in body Basic structure Peptide Bond Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Alpha helix, beta helix, random coil Fibrous(structural) or Globular(functional) Denatured Enzymes, Energy, Structural Components... Made of Amino Acids 20 different types with in body Basic structure Peptide Bond Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Alpha helix, beta helix, random coil Fibrous(structural) or Globular(functional) Denatured Enzymes, Energy, Structural Components...

Nucleic Acids Made of Nucleotides 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group Nitrogenous bases (purines/prymidines) Genetic Material/Protein Synthesis What are the two types of Nucleic Acids? Made of Nucleotides 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group Nitrogenous bases (purines/prymidines) Genetic Material/Protein Synthesis What are the two types of Nucleic Acids?