1. Macromolecules

2. Organic Chemistry

3. Isomers S = Difference in covalent bonds G = Difference in arrangement around double bond E = Different in spatial arrangement

4. Pharmacological Enantiomers

6. Awakenings

7. Thalidomide

8. Chemical Groups

9. Functional Groups

10. Monomers and Polymers Monomers to Polymers (build larger molecules) – Dehydration synthesis Polymers to Monomers (break down molecules) - Hydrolysis

11. Monomers and Polymers

12. Macromolecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

13. Monosaccharides

14. Carbohydrates

15. Simple Sugars Monosaccharaides – One subunit Ex. Glucose, Fructose Disaccharides – two subunits Ex. Maltose, Sucrose

16. Complex Carbohydrates Polysaccharides (Storage) Starch - Plants Glycogen - Animals

17. Complex Carbohydrates Polysaccharides (Structure) Cellulose - Plants Chitin - Animals

18. Buyer’s Beware

19. Why can’t we eat grass?

20. Lipids Triglycerides Glycerol Three fatty acids

21. Saturated vs. Unsaturated

22. Partially Hydrogenated Fats (Trans)

23. Phospholipids

24. Steroids Cholesterol Testosterone Estrogen

25. Anabolic Steroids

26. Lipid Functions Energy storage Cushions internal organs Insulation Membrane Structure Water storage Toxic storage Chemical Messengers

27. Proteins

28. Peptide Bonds

29. Primary Structure Straight Chain Peptide Bonds

30. Secondary Structure Hydrogen Bonds Alpha Helix, Beta Pleats, Random Coils

31. Tertiary Structure All Bonds Usually Globular

32. Quaternary Structure Two or more subunits together All bonds

34. Hemoglobin

35. Protein Functions Structure Storage Transport Coordination of body activities (Hormones) Communication Contractile (Movement) Protection Enzymes

36. Nucleic Acids Made up of nucleotides Pentose Sugar Nitrogenous Base Phosphate Group Ex. DNA, RNA, ATP

37. Nucleic Acids Functions Genetic Information Energy Movement