Genetics FACEOFF Review Game
Who suggested that traits passed through pangenes (alterations made to self passed to offspring)? Hippocrates
Which blood type is considered the universal donor because it does not have any antigens? Type O
What 3 things make up a nucleotide? Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogenous Base
What type of mutation occurs when one nitrogenous base is changed which affects only one amino acid? Point mutation
Give an example of a disorder caused by a mutation. Sickle-cell anemia, colorblindness, hemophilia
Who confirmed that DNA was the hereditary molecule being transferred through generations? Oswald Avery
If you perform a dihybrid cross and both parents are heterozygous for both traits, what is the expected phenotypic ratio? 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
What do we call the genetic makeup of an organism? Genotype
What do we call a mistake made during meiosis that results in having too many of a chromosome? Trisomy
Give an example of a gamete (germ cell). Sperm or egg (ovum)
During meiosis I, what is being separated? Homologous chromosomes
What type of mutation occurs when a nitrogenous base is added or deleted which affects the whole amino acid sequence? Frameshift mutations
Back in the day, they thought that ________ were the hereditary material, not DNA. Proteins
What has allowed use to know what genes sit on each chromosome in the human body? Human Genome Project
When performing a testcross, what genotype is used? Homozygous recessive
How many chromosomes are found in a gamete? 23
What pattern of inheritance is this? Sex-linked
Who is considered the “father” of modern genetics? Gregor Mendel
What is the likelihood that a certain event will occur? Probability
Over time, beneficial mutations should become ______ in the gene pool. common
Type AB blood is an example of what type of inheritance pattern? Codominance
Who determined the composition of DNA A=T and C=G? Erwin Chargaff
During meiosis II, what is being separated? Sister chromatids
All DNA “fingerprints” are stored in an online system known as…? CODIS
Spermatogenesis creates how many new sperm cells? 44
When looking at potential outcomes of two traits, you would have to perform a _______ cross. Dihybrid
Who used x-ray diffraction to determine that DNA was a double helix shape? Rosalind Franklin
What do we call a mutation that occurs in typical body cells and therefore does not get passed on to the next generation? Somatic mutation
This protein cuts DNA into smaller fragments resulting in a DNA fingerprint. Restriction enzyme
What process occurs during Prophase I that ensures genetic diversity? Crossing over
Oogenesis creates how many ovum (eggs)? 11
On a pedigree, circles represent ________. Females
What do we call the first cell of life (when a sperm joins an egg)? Zygote
What process has allowed us to make human insulin in bacterial cells? Cloning
Who was credited with the discovery of DNA’s structure and won a Nobel Prize for it? James Watson and Francis Crick
DNA is __________ charged. Negatively
What do we call a person who has the recessive gene but does not express it? Carrier
These help up to track certain traits in our family trees. Pedigrees
What type of mutation occurs when a portion of a chromosome is lost and the information is lost with it? Deletion
In gel electrophoresis, ______ fragments of DNA travel further. smaller
If we needed to produce more DNA for forensic testing, what procedure would we use? Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
If you have two of the same allele, your genotype is __________. homozygous
Having an extra 21 st chromosome results in what disorder? Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
Each person has different forms of genes called ______. Alleles
What do we call a change in a DNA or RNA sequence? Mutation
What sugar is found in DNA? Deoxyribose
Which blood type is the universal acceptor because it doesn’t have any antibodies? Type AB
What do we call the useful portion of a chromosome that codes for proteins? Gene
What do we call a mutation that occurs in sex cells and therefore gets passed on to the next generation? Germline mutation
When two alleles are inherited, the one that is expressed is considered the __________ trait. dominant
What type of bond holds nitrogenous bases together in DNA? Hydrogen
What base is found in RNA but not in DNA? Uracil
Inheriting only one X sex chromosome would result in what disorder? Turner’s syndrome
This law states that a pair of alleles is separated during the formation of gametes so that each gamete formed is not identical. Law of Segregation
What type of mutation occurs when a portion of a chromosome is added but it attaches in the reverse direction? Inversion
What type of bond holds sugar and phosphate together in DNA? Covalent
How many chromosomes are in a somatic cell? 46
Give an example of a mutagen. UV light, tobacco, asbestos (any carcinogen – certain chemicals)
What is the shape of DNA? Double helix
What does the acronym DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What do we call a picture of chromosomes that can be used to discover abnormalities? Karyotype
Inheriting an XXY for sex chromosomes means you would have what disorder? Kleinfelter’s syndrome
Name two ways that crops could be improved using biotechnologies such as gene splicing. Improving yield, reducing vulnerability, increasing nutritional qualities, improving taste, reducing dependence on pesticides
What type of plant did Mendel use for his genetic studies? Pea Plant
When pollen from one plant is placed onto the stigma of a different plant, this is known as…? Cross pollination
This law states that the inheritance of one trait will not affect the inheritance of the other, meaning you will not get all your traits from one parent. Law of Independent Assortment
What do you call the physical traits of an organism? Phenotype
If you have two different alleles for a trait, you have a ________ genotype. heterozygous
When a red flower and a white flower are crossed and all the offspring end up pink, this is an example of what pattern of inheritance? Incomplete dominance
Sex-linked traits appear most often in _________. Males
Give an example of a sex-linked trait. Colorblindness, Baldness, Hemophilia
What are the 4 possible blood types? A, B, AB, and O
On a pedigree, squares represent _______. Males
The end result of meiosis is 4 _____ cells. haploid
Sister chromatids separate during which phase of meiosis? Anaphase II
What are 3 things that DNA could be obtained from? Blood, hair, saliva, skin