Luther Leads The Reformation Chapter 17 Section 3

Key Terms Reformation Indulgences Lutheran Protestant Peace of Augsburg Annul Anglican

Causes of the Reformation Gained power and wealth Influence, worldliness, and extravagance Strayed from its spiritual roots Protestant Reformation- a protest movement against the Catholic church

Causes of the Reformation Financial corruption Abuse of power Immorality Church taxed people for renaissance projects 1500’s Pope Leo needed money to build Saint Peter’s Basiclica

Criticisms of the Catholic Church Indulgences-pardons issued by the pope to reduce a person’s time in purgatory Thousand years people believed you worked off your sins in purgatory Indulgences – one of the most criticized activities

Early Reformers John Wycliffe- believed the church should give up its worldly possessions Jan Haus-1370 was a priest preached about immorality and worldliness of the Catholic church

Early Reformers Hus excommunicated by Pope Gregory XII Arrested for heresy and burned at the stake First influential theologians to openly criticize the church

Martin Luther Selling indulgences was sinful Criticized the power of the pope and wealth of the church Luther’s theses were for church leaders Written in Latin and nailed to a church door His actions began the Reformation(religious movement)

Martin Luther Cuase discussion at universities Printing press helped them to spread throughout Europe Read by intellectuals, clergy, and laypeople Made sense to many people and they wanted reform

Luther’s Message Contradicted basic Catholic beliefs God’s grace can not be won by good works Also need faith Jesus was the head of the Christian church not the pope All people of faith were equal

Luther’s Message Christians should interpret the Bible Christian practices should come from the bible Translated the Bible into German More people could read it without the aid of the clergy

Reactions to Luther 1520 Pople Leo X excommunicated him 1521 summoned to appear in front of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV German Diet City of Worms Luther refused to change his opinions

Reaction to Luther Edict of Worms-Luther to be an outlaw and condemned his writings Edict did not prevent Luther from spreading his ideas 1530 Lutheranism was a recognized branch of Christianity

Reaction to Luther 1529 Charles V moved to suppress Lutherans Princes in Germany assembly issued a protestatio or protest Term protestant came into being

The Spread of Protestantism Luther stood against the Catholic Church Opened the door to other religions Lutheranism arose in Germany Religious movements began in Switzerland. and Europe

Conflicts among Germans Unhappy with high taxes, lack of power, new ideas Peasants unhappy Reformation preachers were backing idea of freedom 1524 tens of thousands German peasants stormed monasteries

Conflict among Germans Martin Luther accused of the unrest denounced it Luther’s refusal to back peasants the Reformation spilling Into a social revolution Holy Roman Emperor Charles V wanted to turn back Protestantism

Conflict among Germans 1546 war against Luther’s German princes Peace of Augsburg signed in 1555 Had religious compromise Allowed each prince to pick their religion Subjects had no say in the choices

Protestantism Spread to England King Henry VIII- 1509 became king at 17 Devout Catholic Wrote protests against Luther’s ideas 1529 Henry’s wife had a girl, wanted a male heir Thought girl would weaken England

Protestantism Spreads to England Henry wanted the marriage annulled Annulment- means to declare the marriage invalid based on church laws Pope offered several solutions did not grant annulment

Protestantism Spreads to England Charles the IV Holy Roman Emperor could not agree on it (Catherine’s cousin) Henry fell in love with Bobelyn

Reformation Parliament Summoned by Henry Declaration that England was no longer under authority of the pope Changed rituals of the Church Closed Catholic monasteries

Reformation Parliament Distributed much of the land to his nobles Helped build more support for the split 1533 Henry and Bobelyn married Parliament declared the marriage to Catherine annulled

Reformation Parliament Anne gave birth to a girl Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy Take oath to declare Henry the “Supreme head of the Church of England” Split with Rome complete

Henry’s Heirs Henry VIII had six wives Edward VI the male heir King at 9 Died before 16 Sister becomes queen Mary returned to authority of the pope

Henry’s Heirs Hundreds of people burned at the stake Called Bloody Mary Little sorrow for Mary’s death Elizabeth I was protestant Draft Supremacy Act of 1559

Henry’s Heirs Split England from Rome Felt threatened by Catholics who wanted a new queen Persecuted anyone who worship as a Catholic Elizabeth firmly establishes the Church of England or the Anglican

Elizabeth Faces Other Challenges Elizabeth brought religious peace Protestant Priests could marry 1500’s began thinking of building an American Empire Colonies strengthened but did not enrich the Queen