SPAIN SURVIVED THE 20 TH CENTURY LIVED TO ADVANTAGE ANOTHER TIME

IBERIAN PENINSULA

THIS IS THE STORY OF GENERAL FRANCISCO FRANCO APPOINTED GENERALISSIMO OF NATIONALIST SPAIN IN 1936 RECOGNIZED AS SUCH BY GERMANY, ITALY VICTOR OF THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR IN 1939 RECOGNIZED AS SUCH BY BRITAIN AND FRANCE

FRANCO BECAME AN AUTHORITARIAN RULER DECLARED HEAD OF STATE FOR LIFE IN 1947 LIVED TO FULFILL THIS MANDATE BUT NOT AFTER

MASTER OF CONSERVATIVE FORCES CHURCH MILITARY LANDLORD CLASS PROFESSIONALS AND BUSINESS OWNERS MIDDLE CLASS EDUCATED

RULER OF LIBERAL FORCES  GROUPS WHO HAD SUFFERED LONG AND OFTEN SILENTLY LANDLESS FARMERS UNSKILLED FACTORY WORKERS UNEMPLOYED UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND REGULAR SOLDIERS MINORITY ETHNICITIES

BACKGROUND OF FRANCO BORN INTO A MILITARY FAMILY EDUCATED AT A MILITARY ACADEMY SERVED FOR SEVENTEEN YEARS IN SPANISH MOROCCO LED ATTACKS AGAINST MOROCCAN NATIONALISTS STAYED OUT OF POLITICS

REPUTATION FOR BRUTALITY ORDERED TO PUT DOWN A COAL MINERS STRIKE COALS MINERS HAD CREATED A SOVIET WHAT IDEOLOGY DOES THIS SUGGEST?

CONDITIONS IN SPAIN THAT WERE MADE FOR A FRANCO REVERSES IN THE COLONIES SPANISH ARMY WAS MASSACRED SPOTLIGHTED A CORRUPT AND INCOMPETENT LEADERSHIP CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY FELL KING WAS SIDELINED GENERAL RIVERA DECLARED A MILITARY DICTATORSHIP IN 1923

RIVERA WAS NOT THE CLASSIC DICTATOR PUBLIC WORKS BUILT ROADS IRRIGATED LAND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION INCREASED ENDED MOROCCAN REBELLION

WORLD WIDE DEPRESSION IN 1930’S NEW ELECTIONS CALLED REPUBLICANS WON IN ALL MAJOR CITIES KING ALFONSO ABDICATED

REPUBLICAN PROGRAM CATALONIA RECEIVED SOME AUTONOMY SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE MANY ARMY OFFICERS TOOK EARLY RETIREMENT LARGE LAND HOLDINGS NATIONALIZED WAGES INCREASED

WHAT GROUPS WOULD OPPOSE THIS PROGRAM? MAJORITY ETHNICITY ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH MILITARY LANDLORD CLASSES BUSINESS AND INDUSTRIAL LEADERS

THESE CONSERVATIVE FORCES HAD POWERFUL BACKERS FASCIST ITALY UNDER MUSSOLINI NAZI GERMANY UNDER HITLER REPUBLICANS HAD A BACKER TOO WHO WOULD THAT BE?

CONSERVATIVES FORMED A NEW PARTY (FALANGE PARTY) NEW ELECTIONS CALLED IN 1933 CONSERVATIVES WERE BACK IN POWER LED BY GIL ROBLES REVERSED THE REPUBLICAN PROGRAM

LEFT FORMED THE POPULAR FRONT PARTY SUPPORTED BY MANY LIBERAL FORCES STRIKES WERE CALLED RIOTS AND OTHER ACTS OF VIOLENCE FOLLOWED NEW ELECTIONS CALLED

POPULAR FRONT WON- REPUBLICANS BACK IN CHARGE COMMUNIST DOMINATED SOCIALISTS WITHDREW SUPPORT MORE STRIKES AND RIOTS RIGHT- WING (CONSERVATIVE) POLITICIAN MURDERED NEW GOVERNMENT HAD LOST CONTROL

FRANCO ASSUMED CONTROL OF THE MILITARY TOOK CONTROL OF SPANISH MOROCCO INVADED MAINLAND SPAIN THE CIVIL WAR BEGAN IN JULY 1936

OUTSIDE FORCES LINED UP ON BOTH SIDES FRANCO GERMANY ITALY PORTUGAL REPUBLICAN SOVIET UNION INTERNATIONAL BRIGADE OF VOLUNTEERS

NEW WEAPONS OF TECHNOLOGY GUERNICA DESTROYED BY AERIAL BOMBING ANCIENT CAPITAL OF THE BASQUES CIVILIANS TARGETED AS COMBATANTS DEVASTATION AND DEATH PUBLICIZED AROUND THE WORLD CHAMBERLAIN TAYLORED POLICY ON MEMORIES OF GUERNICA

FRANCO SECURED THE POWERS OF A DICTATOR DECLINED HITLER’S REQUEST TO JOIN AXIS IN WWII ELIMINATED OPPOSITION SECRET POLICE BASIC RIGHTS WERE LIMITED COMMUNISM WAS REJECTED

FRANCO DECLARED THE LABOR CHARTER STATE AND ITS CITIZENS HAVE MUTUAL OBLIGATIONS ALL CITIZENS HAD A DUTY TO WORK AND STATE ASSURED THEIR RIGHT TO WORK ADEQUATE WAGES, PAID VACATIONS, LIMITED WORKING HOURS LIBERAL FORCES ACKNOWLEDGED

STRIKES WERE TREASON UNIONS ELIMINATED WORKERS REQUIRED TO JOIN VERTICAL SYNDICATES OWNERS AND WORKERS WERE SUPPOSE TO COOPERATE AIMED AT AUTARKY AND INCREASED INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION CONSERVATIVE FORCES IN CHARGE

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS BANNED CIVIL MARRIAGES DIVORCE ILLEGAL RELIGIOUS EDUCATION COMPULSORY IN SCHOOLS CENSORSHIP PUBLIC MEETINGS REQUIRED PERMISSION

DEPRIVED OF MARSHALL PLAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT LOWEST IN EUROPE COLLABORATION WITH AXIS POWERS DICTATORIAL POWERS-EL CAUDILLO ACUTE SHORTAGES LABOR UNREST

SPAIN JOINED THE UN IN 1955 UNITED STATES LOOKED TO SPAIN AS A COLD WAR ALLY

SPAIN SEES RAPID GROWTH IN THE 1960’S INFUSION OF AMERICAN CAPITAL COMPETITION ENCOURAGED ECONOMIC INTEGRATION WITH EUROPE BEGAN INFLATION CURBED GOVERNMENT CONTROLS RELAXED RESTRICTIONS OF NON-CATHOLICS EASED

JUAN CARLOS NAMED FRANCO’S HEIR MONARCHY BECAME NOMINAL HEAD OF GOVERNMENT IN 1975 SPAIN MOVED FROM DICTATORSHIP TO DEMOCRACY PEACEFULLY POWER DEVOLVED TO THE REGIONS NATIONAL PARLIAMENT CALLED THE CORTES

ELECTIONS DETERMINED MAJORITY PARTY MULTIPLE POLITICAL PARTIES KING ASKS LEADER OF MAJORITY PARTY TO FORM A GOVERNMENT PARTY LEADER BECOMES PRESIDENT

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT POWERS FOREIGN AFFAIRS EXTERNAL TRADE DEFENSE JUSTICE LAW MERCHANT SHIPPING CIVIL AVIATION

POST-FRANCO ERA DEMONSTRATIONS AND STRIKES TERRORIST ACTIVITY BASQUE SEPARATISTS GOVERNMENT USED REPRESSION

SUAREZ APPOINTED PRIME MINISTER PARTIAL AMNESTY TO POLITICAL PRISONERS BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE WITH UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE TRADE UNIONS REPLACED SYNDICALS RIGHT TO STRIKE RESTORED DIVERSE POLITICAL PARTIES

COMPETITION AND COOPERATION JOINED NATO IN 1982 JOINED THE EUROPEAN UNION IN 1986

JOSE LUIS RODRIGUEZ ZAPETERO SOCIALISTS IN CONTROL TODAY FORMER LEADER AZNAR WAS A CONSERVATIVE