1. Practices of the Spanish Civil War
Causes, practices and effects of wars

2. Republican Weaknesses
Political disunity
Military problems
Economic problems
Foreign assistance
Republican Weaknesses

3. General Franco is able to lift 24,000 experienced troops from Army of Africa to Spain to help with the revolution.
Franco uses policy of terror
General Mola helps Franco take land in the North
Why would Hitler (Nazi Germany) want to help Franco?
Hitler connection

4. Loyalists- supported the regime of 1936 (socialists/communists)
Nationalists- supported the rebels (church, army, wealthy landowners)
Basques and Catalans supported the loyalists because they promised them autonomy
The sides

5. The Republic had the advantages, why did they lose?
Republic (loyalists)
Nationalists
Controlled major cities
Controlled key industrial areas
Gold reserves
Air force and navy
Church
The Republic had the advantages, why did they lose?

6. Republican (loyalists) weaknesses
Political Disunity
Sept Caballero head of coalition government, but government is divided
Communists and socialists believed the revolution should stop and they should fight the war; anarchists believe only can win if they keep revolutionary tactics.
Analyze the differences between the tactics desired by these groups.
Republican (loyalists) weaknesses

7. Communists became very popular- membership grew 40,000 to 400,000 in one year. They have foreign support-USSR. They want to restore the Second Republic. They use terror tactics that make people sympathize with the enemy.
Political disunity

8. May Days- May 1937 Barcelona- 4 days of street fighting
Communists/socialists v. anarchists and POUM
(Catalan Marxists party, critical of Soviets, opposed comm/soc)
Caballero replaced by Marxist Juan Negrin- communists chose him to lead
Negrin attacked the POUM and anarchist leaders- imprisoned or executed. His authoritarian regime stays until 1939
May Days- May 1937

9. How does political disunity lead to a weakened Republican government?

10. Military Problems Lacked strong military leadership
Communists and anarchists would not work together
Even loyal army officials were not trusted
They fought a series of local conflicts rather than an overall war campaign
Many battlefields not accessible by the air force
How does this hurt the Republic (loyalists)?
Military Problems

11. Anarchists took over all industries, public utilities and transports in their areas.
In the countryside, collectives were set up
Because of this, production fell by 2/3 between
Republic had food and supply shortages
Inflation reached 300% and wages only increased 15%
Economic Problems

12. Economic problems Britain and France gave NO credit to the Republic
USSR only country that would trade
Republic spent most of gold reserve to trade
What could have been done differently to improve the situation economically?
Economic problems

13. Foreign Assistance-critical
USSR- aircraft and tanks, but no troops.
Had to pay USSR for help (this drains gold reserve)
International Brigades- 35,000 foreign volunteers fought in Spain. Helped in Madrid.
1938 Soviets withdraw Brigades
Britain and France- policy of non-intervention
How does this effect the outcome of the war?
Foreign Assistance-critical