Date : Monday, January 5 th Topic: Substances inside Organisms. Objective: To learn about substances organisms consume.

Water  You might think you’re all muscle but about two-thirds of your body is made up of water.  Water helps keep your body’s temperature stable, it carries nutrients and oxygen to cells, cushions joints, protects organs and tissues and removes wastes. You lose water from your body through sweating, breathing, urine and feces.  Being properly hydrated helps your body function at its best. Dehydration – not having enough fluid in your body – can cause headaches, fatigue, crankiness and poor concentration. It also affects your sports performance.

Recommended daily intake of water: AGEMALESFEMALES 9 – 131.6L/day = 6 glasses1.4L/day = 5 to 6 glasses 14 – 181.9L/day = 7 glasses1.6Lday = 6 glasses Adults2.6L/day = 10 glasses2.1l/day = 8 glasses

Air  What is air? Air is a mixture of different gases that covers the Earth in a layer over 400 miles high. This layer is called the atmosphere. It contains roughly 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and smaller amounts of argon, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and others.  Why is air so important? Air is needed by almost all the living things living on Earth. Most plants and animals take in air, use the oxygen in it and give out another gas, carbon dioxide. This process is called respiration. Air also protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet solar radiation and reducing temperature extremes between day and night.

Food  OUR BODIES NEED FOOD Food is essential for our bodies to: 1. Develop, replace and repair cells and tissues; 2. Produce energy to keep warm, move and work; 3. Carry out chemical processes such as the digestion of food; 4. Protect against, resist and fight infection and recover from sickness.  Food is made up of nutrients. Micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals are needed only in small amounts.  Macronutrients such as carbohydrates, protein and fat are needed in larger amounts. The body cannot function properly if one or more nutrients are missing. A healthy and balanced diet provides foods in the right amounts and combinations that are safe and free from disease and harmful substances.

Healthy and balanced nutrition: