E NERGY, H EAT, AND W IND !

E NERGY FROM THE SUN SUN The sun’s energy comes to earth in the form of electromagnetic waves Mostly Visible light and Infrared radiation

E NERGY IN THE ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERE Some of the suns rays are reflected back into space This causes Scattering Some energy is absorbed by the atmosphere Water vapor and Carbon dioxide absorb Infrared radiation Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation

E NERGY AT E ARTH ’ S S URFACE Some of the energy from the sun reaches Earth’s surface and id reflected back into the atmosphere When Earth’s surface is heated, it radiates some of the energy back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation When gases hold the heat from the sun it is called the greenhouse effect

H EAT T RANSFER : REVISTITED Conduction Convection Radiation See page 535

W HAT IS W IND ? A wind is the horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure All winds are caused by differences in air pressure

H OW DO WE MEASURE WIND ? Wind Vane: Instrument that measures wind direction Anemometer: Instrument that measures wind speed

W HAT IN THE WORLD IS A “ WIND - CHILL FACTOR ” Wind blowing over your skin removes body heat, so the stronger the wind the colder you feel. The increased cooling you feel is called the wind-chill factor.

W HAT ARE LOCAL WINDS ? These are winds that blow over a short distance. They are caused by unequal heating of Earth’s surface with in a small area.

W HAT ARE LAND AND SEA BREEZES ?

W HAT ARE GLOBAL WINDS ? They are winds that blow steadily from specific direction over long distances. They are created by unequal heating of Earth’s surface.

W HAT ARE GLOBAL CONVECTION CURRENTS ? Caused by temperature differences between the poles and the equator Warm air rises at the equator and sinks at the poles, causing the air pressure to be lower at the equator then at the poles This difference causes the air to blow from the poles to the equator at Earth’s surface causing global winds

W HAT IS THE CORIOLIS EFFECT ? The Earth west to east rotation caused the winds to to curve Northern hemisphere = right Southern Hemisphere= left

W HAT ARE G LOBAL W IND B ELTS ?