Chapter 1 An Overview A Glimpse of Chinese Traditional Culture

The Brief Chronology of Chinese History ( 中国历史年代简表 ) Paleolithic Period( 旧石器时代 )1,700,000-10,000 years ago Neolithic Period( 新石器时代 )10,000-4,000 years ago Xia Dynasty ( 夏 ) 2070B.C.-1600B.C. Shang Dynasty ( 商 ) 1600B.C.-1046B.C. Western Zhou Dynasty ( 西周 ) 1046B.C.-771B.C. Spring and Autumn Period ( 春秋 )770B.C.-476B.C. Warring State Period( 战国 ) 475BC-221BC

The Brief Chronology of Chinese History ( 中国历史年代简表 ) Qin Dynasty( 秦 ) 221BC-206BC Han Dynasty (Western Han & Eastern Han)( 汉 ) 206BC-220AD Three Kingdoms ( 三国 ) AD Jin Dynasty (Western Jin & Eastern Jin)( 晋 ) Southern and Northern Dynasties( 南北朝 ) Sui Dynasty ( 隋 ) Tang Dynasty ( 唐 )

The Brief Chronology of Chinese History ( 中国历史年代简表 ) Five Dynasties ( 五代 ) Liao Dynasty ( 辽 ) Song Dynasty (Northern Song & Southern Song) ( 宋 ) Western Xia Dynasty( 西夏 ) Jin Dynasty ( 金 ) Yuan Dynasty ( 元 )

The Brief Chronology of Chinese History ( 中国历史年代简表 ) Ming Dynasty ( 明 ) Qing Dynasty ( 清 ) (Opium War)-1911 Republic of China( 中华民国 ) People ’ s Republic of China( 中华人民共和国 )1949-

The historical development of the Chinese culture 1. The Dawn of Chinese History: The Pre-Qin Period Culture( 中国历史文化的开篇 —— 先秦文化 ) 1. The Dawn of Chinese History: The Pre-Qin Period Culture( 中国历史文化的开篇 —— 先秦文化 ) (1)The Earliest Human Beings in China: Yuanmou Man (dated back to 1,700,000 years ago, the earliest human beings ever found in China)-Lantian Man (walk upright on 2 feet)-Peking Man (skilled at making fire, making and using stone tools)- Upper Cave Man (18000, resembled modern human beings in appearance ) (1)The Earliest Human Beings in China: Yuanmou Man (dated back to 1,700,000 years ago, the earliest human beings ever found in China)-Lantian Man (walk upright on 2 feet)-Peking Man (skilled at making fire, making and using stone tools)- Upper Cave Man (18000, resembled modern human beings in appearance ) (2) The Great Myth of the Creation of Man in Ancient China (2) The Great Myth of the Creation of Man in Ancient China (3) Ancestors of the Chinese Nation:4000 years ago, Emperor Yan and Empreror Huang defeated Chiyou. (3) Ancestors of the Chinese Nation:4000 years ago, Emperor Yan and Empreror Huang defeated Chiyou.

The historical development of the Chinese culture (4) Confucius, the Great Educator (5) The “ Hundred Schools of Thought ” and their Exponents. 诸子百家 (6) The Art of War: the world first treatise on military science 世界上第一部兵法 —— 《孙子 兵法》

The historical development of the Chinese culture 2. The period of Great Feudal Unity: The Qin and Han Dynasties 封 建大一统时期 —— 秦汉 2. The period of Great Feudal Unity: The Qin and Han Dynasties 封 建大一统时期 —— 秦汉 (1)Qinshihuang, the First Emperor in Chinese History (2)The Great Wall (3)Sima Qian and his Records of the Historian (4) Zhang Heng, and his seismograph / seismoscope (5) Zhang Zhongjing, the saint of medicine and Hua Tuo, the founder of surgery

The historical development of the Chinese culture 3. The division of China once more and the intermingling of ethic groups: The Three Kingdoms, the two Jin Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties. 3. The division of China once more and the intermingling of ethic groups: The Three Kingdoms, the two Jin Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties. 封建国家的分裂和民族大融合 —— 三国、两 晋、南北朝 封建国家的分裂和民族大融合 —— 三国、两 晋、南北朝 Chao Cao, Zhuge Liang Wang Xizhi, the saint of calligraphy

The historical development of the Chinese culture 4. The heyday of Feudal Society: The Sui and Tang Dynasties 封建社会的繁荣 —— 隋唐 4. The heyday of Feudal Society: The Sui and Tang Dynasties 封建社会的繁荣 —— 隋唐 (1) The Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty (2) Xuanzang ’ s Journey to the West (3) Jianzhen Crosses the Ocean to Japan

The historical development of the Chinese culture 5. The continued development of Feudal Society and the coexistence of ethnic regimes: 5. The continued development of Feudal Society and the coexistence of ethnic regimes: The Five Dynasties, and the Liao, Song, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynaties The Five Dynasties, and the Liao, Song, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynaties 封建社会的继续发展和民族政权并立时期 —— 五代、 辽、宋、夏、金、元 (1)Yue Fei, Wen Tianxiang (2)The Four Great Inventions (3)Riversides scene on the Pure Brightness Festival (4) Sima Guang and the Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government 《资治通鉴》

The historical development of the Chinese culture 6. The period of further development of the unitary multi-ethnic country and the decline of feudal society: The Ming and Qing Dynasties (before the opium war of 1840) 统一的多民族 国家进一步发展和封建社会由盛而衰时期 明清（鸦片战争以前） 6. The period of further development of the unitary multi-ethnic country and the decline of feudal society: The Ming and Qing Dynasties (before the opium war of 1840) 统一的多民族 国家进一步发展和封建社会由盛而衰时期 明清（鸦片战争以前） Zhu Yuanzhang, Zheng He, Qi Jiguang Li Shizhen and Bencao Gangmu (Compendium of Materia Medica)

The historical development of the Chinese culture 7. Modern Period 近代中国 7. Modern Period 近代中国 (1) Lin Zexu and the Destruction of Opium at Humen (2) The first Opium War (3) The May 4th Movement

The historical development of the Chinese culture 8. Contemporary Period 现代中国 8. Contemporary Period 现代中国

Brief introduction to Chinese Symbols National Day National Day National Emblem National Emblem National Anthem National Anthem National Capital National Capital

Chinese celebrate October 1 as National Day in honor of the founding of the People ’ s Republic of China (PRC) on October 1, Chinese celebrate October 1 as National Day in honor of the founding of the People ’ s Republic of China (PRC) on October 1, National Day

National Flag The red color of the flag symbolizes revolution and the yellow color of the stars the golden brilliant rays radiating from the vast red land. The design of the four smaller stars surrounding a bigger one signifies the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

National Emblem Composed of patterns of the national flag, the Tian’anmen Rostrum, a wheel gear and ears of wheat, it symbolizes the New-Democratic Revolution of the Chinese people since the May 4th Movement in 1919 and the birth of New China.

National Anthem March of the Volunteers was written in 1935 and was officially adopted as the national anthem of the PRC on December 4, March of the Volunteers was written in 1935 and was officially adopted as the national anthem of the PRC on December 4, The lyrics of March of the Volunteers goes as follow: The lyrics of March of the Volunteers goes as follow: Arise, ye who refuse to be slaves; Let us amount our flesh and blood towards our new Great Wall! The Chinese nation faces its greatest peril, The thundering roar of our people will be heard! Arise, ye who refuse to be slaves; Let us amount our flesh and blood towards our new Great Wall! The Chinese nation faces its greatest peril, The thundering roar of our people will be heard! Arise! Arise! Arise! Arise! Arise! Arise! We are many, but our hearts beat as one! Selflessly braving the enemy’s gunfire, march on! Selflessly braving the enemy’s gunfire, march on! March on! March on! on! We are many, but our hearts beat as one! Selflessly braving the enemy’s gunfire, march on! Selflessly braving the enemy’s gunfire, march on! March on! March on! on!

National Capital On September 27, 1949, BeiPing was renamed as Beijing and became capital of the PRC. Beijing is not only the nation’s political centre, but also serves as its economic, scientific and cultural heart.

Geography Location and Boundary Location and Boundary Topography Topography Rivers and Lakes Rivers and Lakes Climate Climate

Location and Boundary

What ’ s the location of China in the Map? Located in the east of the Asian continent, on the western shore of the Pacific ocean, the PRC has a land area of about 9.6 million sq km, and is the third largest country in the world, next only to Russia and Canada. Located in the east of the Asian continent, on the western shore of the Pacific ocean, the PRC has a land area of about 9.6 million sq km, and is the third largest country in the world, next only to Russia and Canada.

Topography

What are the features of Chinese topography? China is a country of varied topographical features with highlands in the west and plains in the east. China is a country of varied topographical features with highlands in the west and plains in the east. Taking a bird ’ s-eye view of China, the terrain descends from the west to east like a four-staircase: Taking a bird ’ s-eye view of China, the terrain descends from the west to east like a four-staircase:

1) Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Southwest China; (above 4000m) 2) Inner Mongolia Plateau, the Loess Plateau, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the Tarim Basin, the Junggar Basin and Sichuan Basin; (1000m-2000m) 3) The Northeast Plain, the North China Plain and the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain; ( m) 4) The continental shelf

Rivers and Lakes More than 1,500 rivers each drain 1,000 sq km or larger areas More than 1,500 rivers each drain 1,000 sq km or larger areas Rich in water-power resources Rich in water-power resources Exterior and interior river systems Exterior and interior river systems The Yangtze River and the Yellow River The Yangtze River and the Yellow River 24,800 natural lakes 24,800 natural lakes The Grand Canal The Grand Canal

What ’ s your impression of the Yangtze River? The Yangtze River is the longest river in China; (6,300km) It flows through 11 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. It is one of the main artery of water transportation between eastern and western China.

What ’ s your impression of the Yellow River? What ’ s your impression of the Yellow River? The Yellow River is China’s second longest river; (5,464 km) The most heavily silt- laden river in the world. The Yellow river catchment area is an important base for grains in China.

Anything about the Grand Canal? The Grand Canal is also called Jinghang Canal (1,801 km) The canal was open to navigation over 1,000 years ago. It passes through one city, four provinces and links five major rivers.

Climate A warm climate and distinct seasons A warm climate and distinct seasons Continental monsoon climate in China: Continental monsoon climate in China: 1) cold and dry winters; 1) cold and dry winters; 2) warm and humid summers; 2) warm and humid summers;

An outline history (10 minutes) Yuanmou Man and Peking Man Yuanmou Man and Peking Man The Ancient Period The Ancient Period The Modern Times The Modern Times

Yuanmou Man and Peking Man The first primitive man known to have existed in China is Yuanmou Man, who lived 1.7 million years ago. Peking Man, who existed more than 400,000 years ago, could walk upright, make and use simple tools, and make use of fire.

The Ancient Period Why are we called “the descendants of Yan and Huang ( 炎黄子孙 )”? Why are we called “the descendants of Yan and Huang ( 炎黄子孙 )”? Chinese history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches of the Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into one. Consequently, the Chinese people usually themselves “the descendants of Yan and Huang”. Chinese history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches of the Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into one. Consequently, the Chinese people usually themselves “the descendants of Yan and Huang”.

Yu conquering the flood Yu inspired people to dig ditches to divert water instead of building dams. He worked ceaselessly for 13 years and succeeded in controlling the floods.  T T T The First Emperor of Qin He unified the Language, the measurement system and the currency, set up the prefectures and counties system, constructed the famous Great Wall and built extravagant palaces and mausoleums.

Administrative Divisions (5 minutes) Three-tier system ( 三级建制 ), dividing the nation into provinces, counties and townships ； Three-tier system ( 三级建制 ), dividing the nation into provinces, counties and townships ； At present China has 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities and two special administrative regions (SAR ：特 别行政区 ) At present China has 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities and two special administrative regions (SAR ：特 别行政区 )

Population (5 minutes) More recent data using sampling by the National Bureau of Statistics announced that at the end of 2005, the population of China was 1, million. More recent data using sampling by the National Bureau of Statistics announced that at the end of 2005, the population of China was 1, million. What is “ one child policy ” ? What is “ one child policy ” ? It is a policy of family planning, hoping to control the population increase, improve population quality. It is a policy of family planning, hoping to control the population increase, improve population quality.

Distribution of the Ethnic groups (10 minutes) 56 ethnic groups (Han, 91.59%) 56 ethnic groups (Han, 91.59%) According to the fifth national census conducted in 2000, the population of all the 55 minority ethnic groups totaled 106,43 million, accounting for 8.41 percent of the total population of China. According to the fifth national census conducted in 2000, the population of all the 55 minority ethnic groups totaled 106,43 million, accounting for 8.41 percent of the total population of China. What is the ethnic policy in China? What is the ethnic policy in China? Equality, unity, mutual assistance and common prosperity are the basic principles of the Chinese government in handling the relations between ethnic groups. Equality, unity, mutual assistance and common prosperity are the basic principles of the Chinese government in handling the relations between ethnic groups.

Guess what ethnic group are they from? Guess what ethnic group are they from?

Dong

Yi

Tujia

Li

Miao

The Political System (5 minutes) The Constitution of the People ’ s Republic of China is the fundamental law of the state. The Constitution of the People ’ s Republic of China is the fundamental law of the state. The NPC is the highest organ of state power. The NPC is the highest organ of state power. The Communist Party is the sole party in power in China. Apart from it, there are eight democratic parties in China. The Communist Party is the sole party in power in China. Apart from it, there are eight democratic parties in China. The State Council, or the Central People ’ s Government, of the People ’ s Republic of China is the executive body of the highest organ of state power and the highest organ of state administration. The State Council, or the Central People ’ s Government, of the People ’ s Republic of China is the executive body of the highest organ of state power and the highest organ of state administration.

Economic Development and Reform What is GDP? What is GDP? Gross domestic product, the total market value of all the goods and services produced in a country in a specific period. (13, billion RMB in 2004) Gross domestic product, the total market value of all the goods and services produced in a country in a specific period. (13, billion RMB in 2004) Economic reform and opening-up are the two fundamental State policies of China. Economic reform and opening-up are the two fundamental State policies of China.

Students ’ Presentation (20 minutes) Please do brief introduction to your hometown ， including the details about the location, population, climate, the main scenes ， etc. Please do brief introduction to your hometown ， including the details about the location, population, climate, the main scenes ， etc. First in pairs and to the whole class. First in pairs and to the whole class.

Exercises Please prepare for next class ’ presentation. Please prepare for next class ’ presentation. Divide the whole class into groups. Each group will present their PPT to the whole class. Divide the whole class into groups. Each group will present their PPT to the whole class. Time : 10 minutes (Followed by 5-minute ’ s comments from other students) Time : 10 minutes (Followed by 5-minute ’ s comments from other students) Topic: any topic in Chinese culture Topic: any topic in Chinese culture Arrangement: two groups each time Arrangement: two groups each time