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3.  Yuanmou Man: c. 1.7 million yrs ago  Unearthed (2 teeth) in 1965 (Yunnan)  First hominid known to control fire  Lantian Man: c. 1 million yrs ago  Remnants found in 1963-64 (Shaanxi)  Stone tools & animal bones also found  Peking Man: c. 710k-230k yrs ago  A complete skullcup found in 1929 (Beijing)  Traces of fire and stone tools found later

4.  Upper Cave Man: c. 80k-10k yrs ago  3 skulls and other fossils found (Beijing)  Along w/ carbon dust, stone & bone tools  Hemudu Culture: 5000-4000 BC  Lower Yangtze River (Zhejiang)  Paddy rice & cultivating tools  Lacquerware found in 1978 (wooden bowl coated with red lacquer sap)

5.  Origin of pottery: 4800-2900 BC  Yangshao Culture in Shaanxi  Dawenkou Culture: 4300-2500 BC  Painted potteries with inscriptions  Acupuncture emerged  Hongshan Culture: 4000-3000 BC  Livestock: pigs, cattle, sheep  Jade artifacts

6.  Yellow Emperor ( ancestor of humanity ) & Yan Emperor: 2700-2600 BC  Sericulture & silk reeling  Land & water transportation  Music  Medicine  Math & calendar  Writing system

7.  Legendary leaders (last 3 of the 五帝 5 Di’s) who passed their power to the worthy  Yao: decided 366 days in one year, and 29 or 30 days in a month; and using leap month(s)  Shun: Defeated rebels, and killed Yu’s father Gun, who failed to put flood under control  Yu the Great: succeeded in controlling the flood, and set nine zhou’s (or provinces)

8.  Yu The Great passed the power to his son, Qi ( 启, which means “start”), and started the hereditary system  The first dynasty of China was established, with 16 kings over 400+ years ( c.2200 BC – 1700BC )  The Xia Calendar ( 夏历 ) becomes the basis for now

9.  Reigned during 1600BC-1046BC  Created the Oracle Bone scripts  Highly developed in making bronzeware, architecture, etc.

10.  Traced by to Hou Ji, served as agriculture leader during Yao’s reign  Lasted some 800 yrs. (1046BC-256BC), which is the longest in Chinese history

11.  The Spring-and-Autumn period (770BC-476BC)  The Zhou royal house lost control  Five Powers became leaders of their allies  The Warring State period  Even more chaotic wars between some 140 vassal states, leading to the end of most of them  The “Hundred Schools of Thought”

12.  The First Emperor of Qin unified China in 221BC and titled himself HuangDi  Unified writing to the “small seal” script  Unified measurement and wheel distance of carts